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International Conference: Critical Thinkers for Islamic Reform at Oxford University in June 11-13 20 PDF Print E-mail
Written by Arnold Yasin Mol   
Monday, 15 March 2010 10:13
ANNOUNCEMENT
International Conference:
Critical Thinkers for Islamic Reform
The Way Forward
Oxford University in June 11-13 2010
The conference will be held at Oxford University in June 11-13. The participants are individuals who agree on the imperative of a drastic reformation in the Muslim world. Though each of us are independent thinkers, we are all in agreement regarding the urgency of  reforming our theology, attitude, action and our organizational strategies to further align ourselves to the Quran interpreted in light of reason.

For participation, questions or presence, contact us at: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

For registration, please click here:

Dear brothers and sisters:
Please read this invitation and answer the questions regarding your participation and the topics you are interested in as a panelist. We would like to receive your answers to the questions ASAP.

Send these to This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

This year the conference of Critical Thinkers for Islamic Reform – The Way Forward will be held at Oxford University in June 11-13, God willing. The participants are individuals who agree on the imperative of a drastic reformation in the Muslim world. Though each of us are independent thinkers, we are all in agreement regarding the urgency of reforming our theology, attitude, action and our organizational strategies to further align ourselves to the Quran interpreted in light of reason.
We have successfully organized a conference in Atlanta, USA in 2008 where thinkers and scholars from both the East and West came together in an effort towards instigating a reform to promote monotheism, peace, justice, progress, critical thinking, and freedom in the Muslim world.
OBJECTIVES: The conferences have multiple objectives. Among these are:
  • Facilitate opportunity for reformist Muslim leaders to meet each other personally and exchange ideas.
  • Diagnose the theological, cultural and political problems leading the degeneration and decline of Muslim civilization.
  • Critically analyze political, cultural, economic, psychological conditions of Muslim individuals and societies and their interaction with other groups.
  • Discuss the geopolitical strategies implemented by the World's leading powers and their overt and covert operations in the so-called Muslim lands.
  • Suggest solutions and develop short and long term projects to bring about a progressive reform in both personal and social realm.
  • Pick a country or two for implementation of specific projects to address the issues.
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR PAST CONFERENCE
You may read about the conference here:
You may find the short bios of the participants at:
An edited volume was published from the compilation of essays from that conference. You may order that volume from here:
THIS YEAR'S PARTICIPANTS
The following is the list of potential participants.
Abdur Rab (PhD. Author, Economist, USA) Depends
Adis Duderija (Phd. Islamic Hermeneutics, Bosnia)
Aisha Musa (Prof of Islamic Studies, Florida International University) Confirmed
Akbar Ahmed (Prof American University, DC, USA)
Ali Behzadnia (M.D. Former member of first cabinet of Islamic Republic of Iran, USA)
Amina Wadud, (Prof. Gender Studies, University Melbourne, Australia)
Andreas Christmann (Prof. Middle Eastern Studies, University of Manchester, UK)
Arnold Yasin Mol (Author, Theologian, and member of NMP, Netherlands) Confirmed
Aslbek Mussin (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Asma Ishak (J.D., Toronto Law School)
Baroness Warsi (Politician, UK)
Caner Taslaman (Prof. of Philosophy at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey) Confirmed
Chris and Linda Moore (UK) Confirmed
Daniel Martin Varisco (Prof. of Anthropology at Hofstra University)
El-Mehdi Haddou (Vetenerian, Canada)
Fatima Marnissi (Prof. Tunusia)
Farouk A. Peru (PhD candidate, activist, UK)
Fereydoun Taslimi (Businessman, USA) Confirmed
Gershom Kibrisli (Karamite leader, Israel, Netherlands)
Ghayasuddin Siddiqui (PhD, Muslim Congress, UK) Confirmed
Hasan Mahmoud (Author, Canada) Confirmed
Jeffrey Lang (PhD., Mathematician/Author, University of Kansas, USA)
Kassim Ahmad (Author, Political leader, Malaysia)
Khaled Abou El-Fadl (Pof. Of Law, UCLA, USA)
Layth Saleh al-Shaiban (Author, Activist, Saudi Arabia) Confirmed
Mahyad Tousi (CEO BoomGen Studios, California)
Martha Schulte (Prof. Arabic University of Texas, USA)
Matthew Capiello (PR MPJP, USA) Confirmed
Melody Moezzi (Author, Lawyer, USA) Confirmed
Mike Ghouse (Activist, World Muslim Congress)
Mohamed Hedjaj (PhD. Engineer)
Mohammad Mova Al Afghani (Founder and Lawyer at Center for Law Information, Pakistan)
Muhammad Shahrur (Prof, Syria) Confirmed
Mustafa Akyol (Author, Turkey) Confirmed
Nader Hashemi (PhD, Denver University)
Nafeez Mossadeq Ahmed (Prof. Sussex University)
Raymond and Sophia Catton (Witnesses, Canada) Confirmed
Reza Aslan (PhD, Media consultant, USA)
Richard Voss (Prof. Business Management at Troy University, USA)
Ruby Amatulla (President MPJP, Author, USA) Confirmed
T.O. Shanvas (M.D., USA) Confirmed
Taj Hargey (Prof, Oxford, UK) Confirmed
Tariq Ramadan (Prof. Oxford, UK)
Yusuf Desai (Forward Thinking, London)
Ziyauddin Sardar (PhD, Author, UK)
A member of European Foundation for Democracy
A member of Netherlands's Muslim Party
Critical Thinkers for Islamic Reform – The Way Forward
Provisional Conference Schedule
FRIDAY, 11 June 2010
Friday Congregational Prayer followed by light lunch
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Panel 1: The Paradigm of Islamic Reform – History and Heritage
3:30 pm - 5:00 pm
Refreshment Break
Panel 2: Theological and Philosophical Imperatives for Islamic Reform
5:30 pm - 7:00 pm
Dinner: First Keynote Speaker (During Dinner to be Followed by Muslim Musicians)
8:00 pm
SATURDAY, 12 June 2010
Panel 3: New Quranic Hermeneutics, Muslim Law and Islamic Reformation
9:30 am - 11:00 pm
Refreshment Break
Panel 4: Islam, Science, Culture and Freedom – Towards a Muslim Renaissance
11:30 am - 1:00 pm
Lunch: Second Keynote Speaker (During Lunch or Over Dessert)
1:00 pm - 2:30 pm
Panel 5: Gender, Sexuality & Human Rights in Islamic Discourse
2:30 pm - 4:00 pm
Refreshment Break
Panel 6: Media, War on Terror And Western Foreign Policy
4:30 pm - 6 pm
Dinner: Third Keynote Speaker (During Dinner Followed by Muslim Comedian)
7 pm
SUNDAY, 13 June 2010
Panel 7: Democracy, Justice, Tolerance and Reason – Prerequisites for Reform
10 am - 11:30 pm
Refreshment Break
Panel 8: Workshop / Round Table Pragmatic Steps Towards Islamic Reform
12 pm - 2:00 pm
FUNDING
We expect every participant pay for their own expenses. In fact, we are glad that we are not supported by any government or king, by any religious organization or cult. We are independent activists with sense of duty who are rising to the occasion of our own volition.
Though our brothers and sisters at Oxford will try their best to open their homes to provide boarding for some guests; we will inshallah strike a deal with a hotel nearby conference site to get discount for the participants. To cover the direct conference costs (hiring of facilities, all meals and refreshments, publicity and incidentals), we believe that £50 GBP per person is a fair and realistic price for this important three-day conference. A few brothers and sisters already promised contribution to subsidize the conference. If sufficient funds are raised then a fee for registration may not be charged at all.
Since we would like to keep everything transparent, we will not accept any contribution that is not announced publicly. The registration site will have a section for contribution. Below is the first contributor for the conference:
BrainbowPress: $500.00
REGISTRATION TO THE CONFERENCE:
After receiving your answers for the following questions, we will announce the link of the webpage for registration and the website containing detailed information about the conference, titles of panels, panelists, and events.
QUESTIONS
Would you like to join us for the Critical Thinkers for Islamic Reform Conference at Oxford University in June 11-13?
In case you will make it to the conference personally, would you like to submit a paper for the next issue of Critical Thinkers for Islamic Reform – Oxford 2010 (Preferably between 3000 – 5000 words)
Can you afford the cost of travel?
Would you prefer staying at a hotel, or be hosted by a family at Oxford?
Would you need the registration cost for the conference be forfeited?
There will be 7 panels and 2 workshops. The titles of the panels mentioned above are not final, but used to get an idea about the interest of participants. Please put the number of the above-listed panels in order your preference, such as, 3175624 or 6127543 etc:
Dou you have a suggestion for another panel topic?
Would you like to give a brief report about your country?
Would you like to help raising funds for the conference?
Would you recommend including a debate with the scholars of Sunni and Shiite sects?
Would you recommend to include a debate with a leader of anti-Muslim group?
Dou you recommend a panelist who is not listed here? If yes, please type his name and contact address.
Your phone numbers:
Further comments and questions:
A SAMPLE LIST OF WEBSITES PROMOTING ISLAMIC REFORM
AN INCOMPLETE LIST OF ISLAMIC REFORMERS WHO ARE AFFILIATED WITH US
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
Abdullahi an-Na'im, PhD. is the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Law at Emory University School of Law. He specializes in, among other things,human rights in Islam and cross-cultural issues in human rights, and he is the director of the Religion and Human Rights Program at Emory. He also participates in Emory's Center for the Study of Law and Religion. An-Naim was formerly the Executive Director of the African bureau of Human Rights Watch. He argues for a synergy and interdependence between human rights, religion and secularism instead of a dichotomy and incompatibility between them. An-Naim is originally from Sudan, where he was greatly influenced by the Islamic reform movement of Mahmoud Mohamed Taha. He is the author of numerous journal articles and books on human rights, international law, democracy, and Islamic reform. His most recent book is Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari'a Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press (2008). His personal website: http://people.law.emory.edu/~aannaim/
Abdur Rab, PhD. graduated with Honors and received a Master's degree from Dhaka University and a PH.D. from Harvard. He has had a long career in economic research and consultation, analyzing various public policy issues ranging from public resource mobilization to industrial development and trade policy reform, while serving the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, the Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan and the Bangladesh and former undivided Pakistan governments, and various international organizations. He served the Pakistan Tariff Commission as a Member, and the Bangladesh Planning Commission as a Section Chief and a senior Consultant. He worked as an Industrial Development Officer with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna. He worked as a financial adviser for the government of Uganda under a World Bank assignment, and as a senior industrial economist for the Qatar government under a UNIDO assignment. Under a UNDP assignment, he contributed to part of a business plan for an industrial development bank of the Economic Co-operation Organization (whose founding members are Iran, Turkey and Pakistan). He also worked on various development projects of Bangladesh supported by donor agencies such as the World Bank, USAID and the Asian Development Bank. He also consulted as an agricultural trade specialist for the US-based International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). Abdur Rab grew up in a traditional Bengali Muslim family. Since his school days he has been very devoted to religion. A turning point in his religious approach came when he came in contact with a virtually unknown but versatile Bengali spiritual guide Shah Aksaruddin Ahmad who possessed deep Quranic and spiritual knowledge. Under his guidance, Abdur received some preliminary lessons in spiritual exercises. Inspired by him, Abdur closely studied the Quran and the Hadith and relevant Islamic literature of modern scholars. His website is: http://www.exploreQuran.org
Adam Sigmund of South Jersey was born in 1980 and raised Roman Catholic. In April of '08 he became a rational monotheist after learning of God's words in the Quran and the miracle of how these divine words validate themselves. Currently, he is employed as landscaper and attending school to be a medical assistant.
Ahmed Subhy Mansour, PhD. is Former Assistant Professor at Al Azhar University, Egypt. He is currenly in the US seeking political asylum as well as serving as visiting Fellow at he Human Rights Program, Harvard Law School. Originally an Egyptian national, Dr. Mansour is a distinguished scholar of Islam with expertise in history, culture, theology and politics. He was an advocate for democracy and human rights in Egypt for many years, during which time he was isolated and persecuted by religious extremists and by the regime and also served time in prison for his liberal political, religious and social views. Having graduated with honors from Al Azhar University of Cairo, one of the oldest and most well respected centers of Islamic thought in the world, he later received his PhD with highest honors from Al Azhar as well. In May 1985, Dr. Mansour was discharged from his teaching and research position there due to his liberal views that were not acceptable to the ultra-conservative religious authorities who controlled much of university policies and programs. In 1987 and 1988 he was imprisoned by the Egyptian government for his "progressive" views, including the advocacy of religious harmony and tolerance between Egyptian Muslims, Christian Copts, and Jews. Dr. Mansour has authored 24 books and some 500 articles in Arabic, dealing with many aspects of Islamic history, culture, and religion. His organization website is: http://www.ahl-alQuran.com
Aisha Jumaan, PhD, MPH is the President of the Islamic Society of Atlanta.
Aisha Y. Musa, PhD, is the author of "Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam". Her training at Harvard was focused on early Islamic scriptural history, specifically the relative authority of the Quran and Prophetic Traditions (Hadith). Her book, Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam (Palgrave, 2008)-explores the development of the doctrine of duality of revelation and issues surrounding the relative authority of the Quran and the Prophetic Traditions (Hadith) through an examination of early Islamic texts from a variety of genres from the 8th and 14th centuries CE and compares the early controversies to their current counterparts. The question of the relative authority of the Quran and the Prophetic Traditions is part of usul al-fiqh (roots of jurisprudential methodology). How early Muslims answered that question has helped to shape Islamic theology and jurisprudence throughout the Muslim world for the past 1200 years. As part of the work, she produced the first English translation of al-Shafi'i's Kitab Jim?' al 'ilm, one of the most important early texts dealing with the authority of Prophetic Traditions.. The current resurgence of debates over the authority of Prophetic Traditions relative to the Quran, make it a contemporary question of both academic interest and personal importance to Muslims. Her research and teaching interests extend from the early classical period to the present and include translation of classical Arabic texts, Quranic interpretation, women's issues, and modern day reformist and neo-traditionalist movements. Aisha Musa is an Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at Florida International University
Ali Behzadnia, M.D. is a Medical Doctor who came to the United Stated near forty years ago. He is a life time student of Islam and is interested in Quranic research and Interfaith Dialogue. He is socio-politically active and was a member in the first cabinet after the revolution in Iran, as Deputy Minister of Health and welfare, acting Minister of Education and associate professor in Medicine at Teheran University. He opposed the non-democratic religious regime of Iran, and returned to the United States, after nearly two years. He is a member of several academic and religious organizations and is in private practice in California.
Chibuzo Casey Ohanaja was born and raised in Dallas, Texas.  Coming from a Nigerian Christian background he was not introduced to Islam until High School through a close friend from Pakistan.  As a Political Science/Arabic and Middle Eastern studies major at the University of Notre Dame he began to deeply research and study various faiths, beliefs and systems of life.  Allured by the message of Islam he discovered the Quran and found that it had the most humane, logical and pragmatic system of life.  He reverted to Islam at the age of 20.  Although through further studies of the Muslim history, hadith, fiqh, the Arabic language and observations through his travels in Africa and the Middle East he found that the traditional Islam prevalent around the world was incompatible with the message of Islam in the Quran.  Now realizing that only the Quran can be used to guide and bring peace to mankind he has dedicated himself to informing and lecturing to people about the true message of Islam which is preserved in the Quran.  He is currently the President of the Muslim Student Organization in Notre Dame, Indiana and is a coordinator for the University of Notre Dame Interfaith Fellowship.  After graduation from the University Notre Dame he hopes to continue his studies in law, Arabic and Islamic studies.
Dilara Hafiz is a retired investment banker, Sunday school teacher, interfaith activist and co-author of The American Muslim Teenager's Handbook along with her daughter, Yasmine, and son, Imran. This abridged article originally appeared in Altmuslim.com and is distributed with permission by the Common Ground News Service (CGNews). The full text can be found at http://www.altmuslim.com.
Edip Yuksel, J.D., was born in Turkey in 1957 as the son of Sadreddin Yuksel, a prominent Sunni scholar. During his youth he was an outspoken Islamist, and spent years in prison for his political views. While a popular Islamist author and youth leader, adopted the Quran Alone philosophy after corresponding with Rashad Khalifa and reading his landmark book, Quran, Hadith and Islam. This led him to break with the traditional approach to Islam in 1986. In 1989, he was sponsored for immigration to the US by Rashad. He moved to Tucson, worked with Rashad for one year in Masjid Tucson, and became a prominent member of the United Submitters International. After the assassination of Khalifa he broke away from the United Submitters International as he objected to the new cult-like ideas arising among its members. Yuksel is the author of over twenty books on religion, politics, philosophy and law in Turkish and numerous articles and a few books in English. His current work is as the co-author of: Quran: a Reformist Translation and the author of the Manifesto for Islamic Reform which are available at http://www.brainbowpress.com. Edip is the founder of Islamic Reform organization and his online books, interviews, and articles are published at: http://www.19.org ? http://www.islamicreform.org ? http://www.yuksel.org ? http://www.quran.org ? http://www.quranix.com ? http://www.mpjp.org ? http://www.opednews.com ? and his English email list is at http://groups.google.com/group/19org.
Faraydon Karim, PhD., is a Kurdish-American mathematician and has been working in computer industry since 1978. In 1978-1999 he worked as Development Engineer and R&D Engineering Manager for IBM. Spent many years in architecture of Engineering Scientific processors at High-End computers. Then later worked in architecture of PowerPC Floating Point and Multimedia SIMD processor. Karim has involved in many other processors development including Graphics processors. Holds over 100 technical disclosures and patents and is the co-author of a book on Compiler. He then worked for STMicroelectronics for seven years until 2007 as a Technical Fellow, where he directed research in computing and applications. With his team and collaboration with over a dozen of universities around the world, Karim conducted various activities in major areas of SoC and Embedded Systems. Currently he is working for NBCTR as CTO.
Fereydoun Taslimi is an entrepreneur philanthropist who came to Islam after rejecting it. "I was not a Muslim until I rejected all that I thought was Islam, heresy is my path to salvation." He is the co-founder of Noor Foundation and founder of several High-tech companies. Prior to joining PerformanceIT, Mr. Taslimi was co-founder and CTO at infoGO, Inc. Before that, he was Vice President of ESI, Inc. from 1986 to 1996, co-founding the company along with Mr. Mittel. During his tenure, Mr. Taslimi was instrumental in the design and development of several successful product lines in the area of voice processing and Internet Telephony servers. Prior to ESI, Mr. Taslimi started Adax, Inc. in 1984, a company that developed a programmable PC-based phone system. While finishing graduate school, Mr. Taslimi founded Informatics Sciences a company that developed multi-lingual computers and applications systems that was subsequently sold in 1984. Mr. Taslimi graduated with honors from University of London in 1975 and received a Masters degree in computer science from Georgia Tech. His organization's website: http://www.noor.org
Iftikhar Ahmed Mehar, PhD. was born in Nairobi-Kenya. He obtained the Doctorate in Business Administration and Information Technology from Columbia S. University (USA). He is an Adjunct Professor and teaches these subjects. He is a Muslim; an Islamic Scholar and a Theologian. From time to time he holds seminars to explain the essential Islamic values. He has contributed a variety of articles; mostly to clear any ambiguities about Islam. He is the author of “Al-Islam: Inception to Conclusion.” His current book, “Al-Islam: The Origin of all Sciences” is scheduled to be released in the spring 2009. He has not aligned himself to any particular sect or group but practices Islamic values as declared by the last prophet Muhammad.
Martha Shulte-Nafeh, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Practice at the University of Arizona and Language Coordinator of Middle Eastern Languages at the Department of Near Eastern Studies. Martha received her B.S. from Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania in Economics, received her M.A., in Linguistics from the University of Arizona in 1990, and her Ph.D. from the same university in Near Eastern Studies - Arabic Language and Linguistics 2004. In 1982, she taught English as a Foreign Language at American University inCairo, Egypt.
Melody Moezzi, J.D. is a writer, activist, author and attorney. Her first book, War on Error: Real Stories of American Muslims, was published in the fall of 2007 by the University of Arkansas Press. Ms. Moezzi has a regular column in Muslim Girl Magazine and has written essays and articles for several other print and online publications, including Parabola, Dissident Voice, American Chronicle, Urban Mozaik, and the Yale Journal for Humanities in Medicine. She has also appeared as a commentator on NPR's All Things Considered. Born in Chicago in 1979, Ms. Moezzi grew up mostly in Dayton, Ohioamid a strong and vibrant Iranian-American diaspora. Today, she lives in Atlanta, with her husband, Matthew, and their cats, Olyan and Talula. She is a graduate of Wesleyan University and Emory University School of Law, as well as the Emory University School of Public Health. Her website: http://www.melodymoezzi.com
Mike Mohamed Ghouse is a Speaker, Thinker and a Writer. He co-chairs the center for interfaith inquiry of the Memnosyne Foundation, president of the Foundation for Pluralism and is a frequent guest on talk radio and local television network discussing interfaith, political and civic issues. He is the founding president of World Muslim Congress with a simple theme: Good for Muslims and good for the world. His comments, news analysis and columns can be found on the Websites and Blogs listed at his personal website http://www.MikeGhouse.net. Ghouse is originally from Yelahanka, Bangalore and Dallas, Texas has been his home town for nearly three decades. Also see: http://www.foundationforpluralism.com
Richard S. Voss, Ph.D. teaches business management courses at Troy University, where he is pursuing several research tracks, among which his favorite involves an ongoing project to integrate established theories of national cultural, universal human values, and civilizations into a unified civilizational theory. Dr. Voss embraced Islâm in Morocco in 1983 and adopted his Islâmic Reformist orientation upon discovering Dr. Rashâd Khalifa's book, Quran, Hadith, and Islam, in the bookstore of the University of California at Riverside, his undergraduate alma mater where he had studied foreign language, shortly after his return to the United States. Several of his articles are posted on: http://www.19.org
Ruby Amatulla is an American Muslim business woman who is an activist to promote understanding and constructive engagements between the West and the Muslim world. She is a writer and a speaker for the cause. She is the president of a recently formed non-profit organization, Muslims for Peace, Justice and Progress (MPJP). Also see: http://peace-justice-international.org/
T.O. Shanavas, M.D. is a physician based in Michigan. He is the author of the book Creation and/or Evolution wherein he discusses the Quranic view on evolution and its roots in Islamic history.
CANADA:
El Mehdi Haddou, MD. is a 37 year-old Canadian veterinary Doctor originating from Morocco. At the age of 24, he started to question his faith, Islam, the purpose of this life and the existence of God. In November 2006, after reading Rashad Khalifa's book: 'Quran, Hadith and Islam' posted at http://www.submission.org, he began to verify Rashad Khalifa's ideas of code 19 and confirmed the findings. Recognizing that God has answered his questions and had given the proof that I was always looking for. Since that day, he witnessed a big change in his spirituality. "Now", he says, "Without hesitation I have attained certainty. I am following only the Quran, the whole Quran and nothing but the Quran."
Eman M. Ahmed Originally from Pakistan, Eman came to Canada in 2000. She is currently the Projects Coordinator at CCMW. In Pakistan she worked in areas related to social development and human and women's rights. She was also the managing editor for the Heinrich Boll Foundation book series on Women and Religion. Her publications include "A Dangerous mix: Religion & Development Aid", (WHRNet), "Violence Against Women: The Legal System and Institutional Responses" in Violence, Law and Women's Rights in South Asia, (Sage Publications); and "Promoting Inclusivity; Protecting (whose) Choice?" (AWID). She has MAs in Publishing (SFU), Social Anthropology (Oxford) and English (Pb)
Hasan Mahmud is the Ex President and Director of Sharia and Islamic Law, Muslim Canadian Congress and the author of: Book “Islam and Sharia” (in Bengali - being translated into English). Two books, “Chasing the Mirage – The tragic illusion of Islamic State” and “Cruel and Usual Punishment” refer to this book about analyzing Sharia Law. Docu-Movie on Sharia Law – “Silent Genocide” Docu-drama on Sharia Law – “Law and Justice” DVD on Sharia-Debate. DVD on Sharia issue of Apostasy. Hasan delivered speeches on Sharia Law in many seminars, conferences and Educational institutes in Europe, USA, Canada and Asia.
Mohamed Hedjaj, PhD. is a French and Tunisian engineer born in Tunisia in 1971. He traveled from France to Tunisia, where he spent five years to study secondary school in Arabic from 13 to 18 years old, and then returned to France to continue his education. He graduated from Arts et Métiers engineering school in Paris and has a PHD on vibration analysis of engines. He is working in France as an expert in vibration and mechanical analysis for firms like Peugeot and DELPHI. He promotes monotheism and justice by posting articles and comments on the Internet. He is fluent in French and conversant in English. He does not differentiate between different forms of fanaticism, be it from "Muslims", Catholics, or Zionists. He prefers using the word monotheist because he considers that the word "Muslims" is associated to false ideologies. His knowledge of Arabic has permitted him to study Quran in its original language: Arabic. He disagrees with some classical understanding of verses and is appreciative of Quran more than any other source.
Irshad Manji is a Canadian feminist, author, journalist, activist and professor of leadership. Manji is Director of the Moral Courage Project at New York University. The Moral Courage Project aims to teach young leaders to speak truth to power in their own communities. She is author of The Trouble with Islam TodayA Muslim’s Call for Reform in Her Faith, now published in more than 30 countries. She is also creator of the Emmy-nominated documentary, Faith Without Fear, which launched the American Islamic Congress 2008 “Think Different” Film Festival.
HOLLAND:
Arnold Yasin Mol is born and raised in Holland. Coming from a Catholic background, he started to research many faiths and beliefs, and while studying biochemistry at college he, discovered the Quran and found it to have a logical social and scientific message. He embraced Islam at the age of 20. Being first drawn into classical Islamic doctrine, he studied its message and history thoroughly and found it contradicted the Quranic message on many points, and decided to study Theology at college (tertiary level Theology) to study how history, religions and cultures influenced another. Now only accepting the Quran as a divine source based on its social and scientific message and make up, he has founded an organization together with several Muslim thinkers to study the Quranic message as the basis for a secular social global society and works with several modern Islamic thinkers. Currently he has studied Arabic at the University of Rotterdam, the Netherlands and is starting Social Theology at Amsterdam College. Arnold is the CEO of DRC Think Tank. His website is: http://www.deenresearchcenter.com
MALAYSIA:
Kassim Ahmad is Malaysia's foremost thinker and philosopher. Kassim Ahmad was born on 9 September, 1933 in Kedah, Malaysia. He received his Bachelor of Art's degree in Malay language and literature, but also read widely in political science and Islamic philosophy. He grabbed national headlines in the 1950s with his dissertation on the characters of Hang Tuah (Perwatakan Hang Tuah), the Malay literary classic. He taught Malay language and literature for a time in the London’s School of Oriental and African Studies and then in a secondary school in Penang where he has been staying with his family since 1966. Kassim was jailed for nearly five years under the ISA (theInternal Security Act, Malaysia’s draconian measure of detention without trial) for daring to express openly his political views, an experience which he recounted in his book, Universiti Kedua (Second University). Kassim again shook the Malay world with his "Hadith: A Re-Examination" in which he challenges the infallibility of the purported words of Prophet Muhammad. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in Letters by the National University of Malaysia. He has written several books on Malay literature as well as on Islamic subjects. His English and Malay articles are published at http://www.kassimahmad.blogspot.com.
PAKISTAN:
Mohammad Mova Al Afghani works at a Jakarta-based Lawfirm and lectured at Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor. He founded the Center for Law Information (CeLI), a law information NGO in 1999. He is a frequent contributor at Daily Jakarta Post and has had several international publications. Mr. Al Afghani is also a member of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN) Task Force on Implication and Policies. He graduated from the law faculty of Universitas Indonesiaand -- with the scholarship from Deutsches Akademisches Austausch Dienst (DAAD) -- obtained a master in European Law from University of Bremen (with distinction).
SAUDI ARABIA:
Layth Saleh al-Shaiban is one of the leading muslim intellectuals for Islamic Reform. Layth is the founder of Progressive Muslims and Free-Minds organizations. He is the co-author of the Quran: a Reformist Translation, and the author of The Natural Republic. Layth works in a financial institution as a financial adviser, and lives in Saudi Arabia. See also: http://www.free-minds.org
TURKEY:
Caner Taslaman, PhD. was born in 1968 in Istanbul, and graduated from the sociology department at BosporusUniversity, Dr. Taslaman pursued his studies for MA and PhD degrees in Philosophy and Religion, and he also studied political sciences. He is post doctorate scholar at Harvard University. His range of interests, not being limited to philosophy, sociology and political sciences, stretched to such fields of positive sciences as physics and biology, and he produced works on the said disciplines as well. In all these scientific treatises, dealing in widely differing subjects, his focus point has always been religion. Among his works are; Quran Unchallengeable Miracle; The Big Bang, Philosophy and God; Evolution, Philosophy and God; Modern Science, Philosophy and God; Quantum Theory, Philosophy and God. Two of his many websites are: http://www.canertaslaman.com and http://www.Quranmiracles.com
Christopher Moore was born in Nicosia, Cyprus, which was under British rule at the time, soon after gaining independence. Due to his father's devotion to Military Service his education was conducted by the Military. Now married for years to his wife Linda and the grandparent of two young granddaughters. Like Cyprus, he gained independence from British rule at the age of 49 to retire to Turkey. Since retiring he has been able to feed his growing passion for Quranic Islamic studies.
Mustafa Akyol is son of a well known journalist, Taha Akyol. He has criticized both Islamic extremism and Turkish secularism, which he likens to Jacobinism and fundamentalism. He is an outspoken promoter of intelligent design. Akyol was born in 1972 and received his early education in Ankara. He graduated International Relations Department of Bosphorus University. He earned his masters in the History Department of the same university. He is currently a columnist for the Turkish Daily News and Director of International Relations at the Intercultural Dialogue Platform, a subsidiary of the Journalists and Writers Foundation. He has given seminars in several universities in the U.S. and the U.K. on issues of faith, science, religious tolerance or inter-faith dialogue. Mustafa Akyol's articles on Islamic issues, in which he mostly argues against Islamic extremism and terrorism from a Muslim point of view and defends the Islamic faith, have appeared in publications like The Weekly Standard, The Washington Times, The American Enterprise, National Review, FrontPage Magazine, Newsweek, and Islam Online. His book on Kurdish issue questioned the official taboos and offered practical solutions. Akyol is a co-host in a Turkish TV program and his Turkish articles are published at http://www.mustafaakyol.org.
UNITED KINGDOM:
Ghayasuddin Siddiqui, PhD., is one of the leading spokespeople of the Muslim community in Britain. He is regarded as an expert on Islamic fundamentalism and Muslim political thought. He is one of the first Muslim leaders who has championed women’s causes, against forced marriage, domestic violence and murder in the name of honour. Last year, together with some senior clerics, he launched Muslim Marriage Contract to protect rights of women. He is now leading a campaign against child abuse within faith-based environment. He has consistently opposed the invasion of Afghanistan and subsequently that of Iraq, joining the Anti-war Coalition at its inception, becoming a member of its central executive. As a patron of Guantanamo Human Rights Commission and active member of ‘Campaign Against Criminalizing Communities’ (CAMPACC), he has campaigned against detention without trial of people held in Guantanamo Bay and Belmarsh. As director of one of the oldest Muslim think tanks, the Muslim Institute, he has promoted dialogue across all barriers: social, cultural and political. His organization's website: http://www.muslimparliament.org.uk/
Farouk A. Peru is a human being in the world. This is where his discourse begins and ends, at the factualness of being human. As a human being, he addresses the human condition by being a student of Quran, which he considers to God’s message for humankind. Farouk is also a novice academic whose interests include the study of Quran according to its author. This entails the resurrection of the author’s voice in understanding Quran as the author provides methods of self-reference in the text itself. He also pursues the study of Quranism and Quranisticism which are the Muslim approaches to Islam relying solely on the Quran and the tendencies towards a Quranocentric Islam by Traditionist Muslims respectively. Lastly, he is interested in Islamic fundamentalism as a totalistic philosophy and Islamic pluralism as a counter-measure . He is also very interested in philosophy and hopes to pursue the philosophy of being in the tradition of Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida. He regularly blogs at: http://quranistislam.wordpress.com/ (which hosts his study of Quran) and http://www.original-islam.org/ (which hosts his writings about Islam and the Muslim world)
SWITZERLAND:
Kerem Adigüzel is a Turkish-Swiss mathematics student at the University of Zurich, minor in Computer Science and alongside learning Arabic. He is especially interested in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology, Theology, Arabic, Logic, music and Science. He is an author of several articles on, maintainer and webmaster of alrahman.de and also a non-professional translator from Turkish and English to German (already translated many English and Turkish articles for AlRahman.de). This site is unfortunately the only extensive website in German, which is critical with traditional thinking in Mainstream-Islam. Kerem is calling out for rational reasoning in religion and science. He likes to explore new things and unconventional ideas and attempt to be open-minded to all claims. Fluent in German and Turkish, good in English, basic in French and very basic skills in Arabic (currently taking Arabic courses at the university to improve Arabic). See: http://www.alrahman.de
Last Updated on Monday, 19 April 2010 08:24
 
The Qur'an, Democracy and Pluralism PDF Print E-mail
Written by Arnold Yasin Mol   
Monday, 08 February 2010 12:17

The Qur'an is meant as a spiritual and moral guidance for mankind. The Qur'an calls itself Hudan anNass (2:185), a guide for humanity, and calls us to Dar asSalaam (10:25), a life and state of Peace. A guide which guides to peace can therefore never be used for oppression and tyranny.The Qur'an says that humanity is a connected nation (10:19) with a common origin (4:1), that each person as a human being is honoured by God (17:70), has complete freedom of thought (2:256) and that all people from all belief systems that improve mankind are honoured and respected (2:62, 5:69, 49:13). That there are differences between nations is a positive thing (49:13) and should never be a reason for exclusion or conflict. Justice is the only real criteria. Like many other belief systems, Islam strives for social justice, peace, spirituality and morality in society (16:90). Democracy belongs to the core value of Islam, in which the whole world and each society together discussess important matters (42:38). The government should be entrusted to honest and decent people who can safeguard the freedom, peace and rights all people (Amanat = peace and security, 4:58, 2:188). The governments must be respected if they are democratic (3:159).

This is the way in which the first Muslim generations acted, but unfortunately leaders came to power who removed the democratic elements from the Islamic society, which had a direct impact on government policies, theology and law that arose in the early and late Middle Ages. This has created misunderstandings among Muslims and non-Muslims about the flexible and liberal potential of the Qur'anic Message, and we at DRC are working hard together with scholars, thinkers, organisations, universities and activists from all the world to clear up these misunderstandings and neglected potentials.

Cooperation between different population groups and religions is the way to peace and social justice (3:113-115, 5:48, 60:8), and is the basis for a Global Ethical worldview. This is best expressed in a global multi-party system. Each group in mankind is represented and each can ensure that their interests and ideas are heard and carried (39:18, 42:38-43). The Qur'an calls on Muslims, all peaceful persons, to work together for the world we live in to maintain and improve it (3:110, 11:11, 23:61, 38:28 etc.). The Qur'an emphasizes this with the story of Joseph (Yousouf) who helped to improve the land of Egypt (who had their own religion) and even asked for a a high position in the government (12:54-56) to help them. The story of Joseph is mentioned as one of the lessons for humankind (12:111), to stress the importance of his life as an example.

Morality is central to Islam:

1. Honesty in actions and thoughts

2. Social assistance to all people: old, young, sick, poor etc.

3. Not harm society by violence or crime

4. Maintain purity of body and mind

5. Being peaceful with fellow human beings and the environment

6. Responsibility to maintain social harmony and improve society

16:90 God commands justice, creating balance in the society, benefiting humanity, kindness to His creation, and giving to relatives. And He forbids all indecent deeds, immodesty, stinginess and rebellion. He instructs you (again) so that you may take it to heart.

39:18 Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best of its application (in a given situation), such are the ones whom God has guided, and they are the ones endowed with insight.

17:70 Surely, We have conferred dignity on the descendants of the human species (as a birth right, regardless of where the child is born).

2:256 There is no compulsion in the system; the proper way has been made clear from the wrong way. Whoever rejects the transgressors and unjust rulers, and trusts on God, has grasped the firm branch that will never break. God is Hearer, Knower.

42:38-43 They respond to their Lord by establishing Salaat, and conduct their affairs by mutual consultation, and they keep open for the welfare of others what We have given them. And whenever gross injustice is inflicted upon them, they defend themselves and stand up for their rights. [In the Divine System, the oppressed is helped and the oppressor is requited. Yastansiroon carries the meanings of defending and standing up for rights] But requiting evil may become an evil in itself! So, whoever pardons and makes peace, his reward rests with God. Surely, He does not love the violators of human rights. And those who stand up for their rights and defend themselves, when they have been wronged, for such, there is no blame.The blame is on those who oppress people and cause disorder on earth resorting to aggression, unprovoked. They are the ones for whom there is an awful doom.Certainly, whoever is patient and forgives, that is from the strength of character.

4:58 God commands you to entrust your Rights and Protection to those who are capable, competent and sincere. They shall rule and judge equitably. Give your trusts to whom they belong. The Enlightenment from God is a blessing for you. He is Hearer, Seer of all that transpires in the Universe and in your society.

2:188 So, knowingly, do not devour the wealth and property of one another in a wrongful manner, nor bribe the officials or the judges to deprive others of their rightful belongings. This kind of behavior drags down your own humanity and harms the collective welfare of the society.

3:159 It is God's mercy that you (O Messenger!) are lenient and compassionate with people. For, if you were harsh and stern of heart, they would have broken away from you. So, pardon them, arrange for their security, and consult with them in matters of public interest. Then, once you have taken a decision, put your trust in God. Surely, God loves those who do their best and then trust in God.

13:11 Each person has forces in rotation surrounding him. They guard the person and record his actions according to the command of God. Most certainly, God does not change the condition of a people until they first change themselves. And when God intends a people to suffer calamity (as a consequence of their misdeeds), there is none who can repel it. For, they have no protector besides Him.

10:19 All mankind were and are but one united community.

49:13 O Mankind! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes so that you might (affectionately) come to know one another. Surely, the most honored among you, in the sight of God, is the one who is best in conduct. God is Knower, Aware.

10:25 God invites to the abode of peace and wholeness, and guides whoever wills (to be guided) on a straight path (towards justice and protection for all mankind).

46:19 And for all there will be ranks according to what they did so that He may recompense their actions. And none shall be wronged.

13:17 ...While what is of benefit to mankind, abides on earth.

23:61 It is those who race with one another to improve the quality of life for humanity, and it is those who are worthy of winning good things.

2:62 Indeed, those who believe (in the Qur'an and call themselves Muslims, peaceful and protecting other human beings), and those who are Jews, and Christians and those who follow other religions and beliefs; whoever has trust in God and the Future and does works that benefit humanity, their reward is with their Developer and Sustainer of all their stages of existence. For them shall be no fear from without, nor shall grief touch them from within.

5:48 (O Messenger!) We have sent to you this Divine writ, setting forth the truth. It confirms the remaining truth in the earlier scriptures since it is a watcher over them. So, judge between them by what God has revealed, and do not follow their desires diverging from the truth that has come to you. For each (community) among you We have appointed certain rites and a traced-out way. If God had willed, He could have made you all one single community. But He decided to let you test yourselves by what (potentials) He has granted you. So, outdo one another in doing good to the society. To God you will all return, and He will then make you understand wherein you differed.

3:113-115 They are not all alike. Among the People of the scripture are those who take a firm stand for the right cause, reflect on the revelations of God all night long and submit in adoration. They believe in God (as the One True God), and in the Last Day. They advocate virtue by example, and close the doors to vice by example, and try to lead in acts of collective good. Such are the ones who enrich the society, increase the human potential and thus, rectify their own 'self'. Of the good they do, nothing will be rejected of them. God is Aware of those who live a life upright.

60:8 God does not forbid you from being kind, and fully equitable to those who do not fight you on account of Religion, and do not evict you from your homelands. God loves those who lead a just, balanced life.

Last Updated on Monday, 08 February 2010 12:30
 
My Normal and Paranormal Adventures in Kazakhstan: PDF Print E-mail
Written by Edip   
Tuesday, 27 October 2009 03:40

My Normal and Paranormal Adventures in Kazakhstan:
Bukhari’s Ghost Dancing with a Hungry Holy Sunni Goat, Misogynistic Dogs Barking at Pigs, Russian Pyrokinesis Burning Holes in Brains and Pockets, Two Extra Letters Correcting Quranic Bismillah, Kazaks Eating Almaty's Apple and Horse Meat…

Edip Yuksel

This is my third country report since 2008. In my first report, From Tucson to Changsha, my mission was to discover China educationally, culturally, socially, politically and of course, culinarily. Other than a short visit to an Uygur Mosque, I had no encounters with religious people. In my second report, I shared my experience at Oxford University, Muslim Institute in London, Book Fair and one night in a Turkish jail in Istanbul. During that trip, using my arguments from Manifesto for Islamic Reform, I created a multiple choice test, which I called Theometer or Sectometer, and applied it on my distinguished audience in two countries with remarkable success. Now you are reading this report which you might find as delicious as Almaty’s apple!

Hoping that your mind is not already polluted by that obnoxious Cohen the Borat, let me first give you a paragraph of dull and boring background information about Kazakhstan, which declared its independence from Russia in 1991 becoming a presidential republic. Though its democracy is confused between bureaucracy and autocracy (as the USA's between corpocracy and oligarchy), we hope that one day it will become a model country for peace, justice and progress. In Kazakhstan, I was told, "men are manly, sheep are nervous and flies are everywhere." It is the worlds 9th largest country, landlocked, and rich with numerous natural resources. Its population of 17 million comprises of about 70% Kazaks and 20% Russians, and its GDP per capita is about 11,000 dollars.

In March of 2007, an elite group of well-educated and well-connected Kazaks discovered my work, especially the Manifesto for Islamic Reform, which they immediately translated into Russian and distributed it in tens of thousands. Before discovering my work, they had adopted the Salafi version of Sunni religion as the product of intense propaganda by regressive forces from Saudi Arabia, the scourge. For instance, they had destroyed their songs and music paraphernalia and had given up many blessings. This unfortunate experience, however, proves their sincerity and commitment. They were lucky, since Kazakhstan did not block the progressive Internet sites and they had not yet traded their brains for good with the volumes of authentic nonsense called hadith and Sunna. Trashing human brains and deactivating their rational faculties is the ultimate goal of the religious viruses, especially of the Salafi mutation.

The group was the cream of the crop. I had met the leading two members, Aslbek and Aidar, at the home of my Turkish colleague Dr. Caner Taslaman in Istanbul. They were young and restless, curious and humorous, intelligent and knowledgeable, rationalist and monotheist, brave peacemakers and fighters for justice. They were also macho man, according to my standards. They were excited and appreciative of discovering the Message of the Quran, unaltered by fabricated hearsay stories and sectarian jurisprudence. In a short time we became friends, which led me to challenge them to get 1 out of 5 scores in a physical game of power, balance and concentration, which I had mastered while I was in Turkish prisons. They repeated the fate of many young and strong men whom I had challenged: they lost the game, 5 to 0.

The trip lasted about 24 hours from Tucson to Almaty, which has been declared sister cities for a few decades. I was welcomed by Dinmukhamed and Talgat, two young men sent by Aslbek, and taken to an A-Club Hotel, located on a hill in a beautiful section of the city. All streets were lined with rows of trees as well as the median. I have never seen a city as tree-friendly as Almaty. Modern accommodations were combined with fresh air... Everything in the hotel met the Western standards of luxury, except for the bathroom tissues which were coarse and difficult to tear. I could not learn much from their media, since the twenty plus TV channels were broadcast in either Russian or Kazak.

The Intellectual Ambush at Almaty

Aslbek Mussin (30) decided to organize a live debate between me and a Sunni scholar/preacher. He contacted a list of Sunni preachers, including one of the best contemporary Sunni apologists, Zakir Naik. I was told that he was not receiving positive responses to his invitation, which was fully paid by the hosts. However, a popular Sunni imam from the United Kingdom accepted the invitation. He thought that he was going to preach to a Sunni herd, as usual. He was not aware of the exact nature of the event, yet he was treated in the best possible manner. It took him a few days to notice that he did not have a crowd; but a group of critical thinkers, rational monotheists. The exact moment where he realized the real nature of his mission has been recorded on video. My friend Raymond Catton from Canada whom I first met through Rashad Khalifa in 1988 was our moderator for the first two sessions. Raymond was using the Manifesto for Islamic Reform for his questions. At one point, the Sunni preacher loudly complained about the questions, which were designed to expose the manifold contradictions in his Sunni religion.

Several Kazak monotheists acted like Salafi Sunnis and they served him around the clock. Since they were Salafis before, they knew all the relevant jargons and mannerisms. He was allowed to lead the prayers, which he appeared to think was his God-given right because of his black robe and long beard. Anytime the call for prayer was made, he would leap forward and choose himself to lead the prayers. (Those of us who do not mention Muhammad's name besides God in our Sala prayers did not join him). The audience was instructed by Aslbek to cheer for both sides. It was a bizarre scene: while we were in a hot debate, our audience was like in the refrigerator clapping for both sides in an orchestrated and reserved fashion. Our moderators did even better. For instance, Arnold Mol, our moderator for the last session, roared like a lion when I interrupted our Sunni imam; for a moment, Arnold's face turned red and declared his authority to cut me off. I was glad that he did, since Abu Eesa would not have any excuse to complain about the Kazak-style intellectual setup: he had the chance to share the teachings and dogmas of his Sunni religion with Muslims in a very friendly and free environment.

Ironically, Sunnis has so far never allowed us to debate with them in their conferences. I wish we were invited by Sunnis to debate with their imams and sheiks. I wish we were set up by them! I do not expect them to pay for my trip, to assign two friendly young men to serve me, or cheer for me so that I would not feel lonely. None of that! A simple invitation, equal opportunity to debate and a promise of not beating us or killing us during the event would be sufficient. My past experience with the Sunnis and Shiite people is just the opposite. For instance, on October 7 of 1989 they kicked me out by force from their conferences in Chicago, when I directed a few questions to the mullahs they call Mawlana (Our Lord), taken from my new book, 19 Questions for Muslim Scholars. They had sent an invitation to Dr. Rashad Khalifa to attend their conference; not as a speaker, but as part of the audience. Upon Rashad's request, I accepted to substitute him at the conference. I flew from Tucson to Chicago to confront the mullahs and their followers. Rashad had printed a couple of hundred copies of a special issue of the Muslim Perspective, addressing the participants of the conference. I had also a draft copy of my upcoming book, 19 Questions for Muslim Scholars. A single loaded question was sufficient for my excommunication. After they banned me from entering their conference rooms, they tried to get rid of me from the lobby, where I was surrounded by curious youths, mostly ethnic Pakistanis. Later, they sent two big guys to my hotel room to physically hurt me; but God sent an African American Muslim who sneaked me out of the hotel just seconds before they reached me. Since then, I have had numerous similar experiences. One of them is memorable. In November 23 of 2002, I had a live debate on a popular Turkish TV program with the former head of Religious Affairs. Towards the end of the debate, which was full of surprises, I made a surprise announcement. I declared that for the first time I would be participating in a public event since my emigration to the USA. I was going to show up at a book fair to meet my readers. It was a decision I made at that moment. The host of the show advised me not to do such a crazy thing, but I did not listen. I was not allowed to enter the Book Fair and I barely averted their mischief.

When Sunni or Shiite clergymen gain power, they never allow their sectarian teachings to be challenged by monotheists like me. Though we always open our doors, windows and occasionally our chimneys for them, they rarely allow us in their Internet forums or Paltalk rooms. The moment they realize that we are monotheists, that we do not associate fabricated hadith to the Quran, that we do not praise Muhammad more than God, that we do not accept verses abrogated by hungry holy goats, that we do not believe that music is prohibited and women should be avoided like a dog, and hundreds of other non-Quranic teachings and practices, they insult us, falsely accuse and sensor us. Their leaders have called me Zionist, Bahai, or the member of the Moon Cult who received a million dollars… They are very good in producing many rabbits from their hadith-trained imaginations, and ironically they tend to believe the objective reality of their imaginary rabbits. I hope that Abu Eesa appreciates this great difference between monotheists and polytheists. Rational monotheists have nothing to fear, since they have nothing to hide.

Abu Eesa Niamatullah was a smart, articulate and cordial tall man with very long arms that could hug a camel vertically. He was born in the United Kingdom, of Pakistani heritage. With his Arabized title and first name, black robe, kosher beard and short hair contrary to what his hadith literature describes his fashion idol, he was wearing a strait jacket around his outgoing personality, screaming the troops of contradictions: a former disk-jockey who considered music a sin, a science-educated man who was promoting nonsense, a humorous man who somehow ended up playing the role of a Sunni scholar. Abu Eesa (The Father of Eesa), was a British-educated Pakistani man impersonating the composite Sunni character created by medieval Arab pagans, Jewish Rabbis and Christian Monks through mishmash stories and norms! Holy concoction! Under the same garb, he was both a mullah and a normal human being. Perhaps we could become close friends if he did not have his second personality, which promoted a cruel, oppressive and repressive religion. But he has hope. As long as he has some sense of humor left in him, as long as he can listen to the opposing voice, he may be able to free himself from the dogma of the master hypnotist. Time will tell.

Like all religious people who follow dogma blindly, he too was convinced that his cloth and grooming was an integral part of his faith. Knowing that faith is a euphemism for wishful thinking or joining a particular bandwagon for petty tribal, social, political and/or economic interests, it was not a surprise to see many of the followers of dogma showing off with their cloth and grooming; a juvenile way of making a point: I am different and holier than you, and I am the center of the universe! I am the missing link between you and heaven! In this regard, Abu Eesa was better than the Catholic priests; at least he did not generate dust and smoke like the Pope with a funny hat who breaks multiple records in Yuksel's Record of Religious Oddities. (I am working on a new book now. I will rank the top 100 religious oddities according to the amount of logical, natural and internal contradictions they cause.)

Sunni Polytheism Exposed

Knowing his talent of smooth-talking and pleasing the crowds, I knew that if I acted softly, brother Abu Eesa would beat around every bush and tree, every pebble and rock, trying his best to window-dress and cover up the devils in the details of Sunni teaching. I applied pressure on him, I provoked him. I had no personal vendetta against him; in fact, I was in admiration of his passion, dedication and zeal. I was tormented by watching him being tormented between his God-given reason and the nonsense he was indoctrinated to follow as a religion. Until the age of 29, I was not much different than him. In other words, I was encountering myself, my ghost from my days of ignorance. I had empathy for him. I knew exactly what my brother Abu Eesa was feeling and thinking, why he was thinking that way and I tried my best to help him to see himself in the mirror. My primary target was not his person but the diabolic teachings he was promoting. I was praying for his freedom. He had chance to accept the truth, so that it could set him free!

At one point, I used the Quranic trap to expose his polytheism. I read verses 6:145 to 6:150 from the Reformist Translation. I gave a few-seconds pause and looked at him after the challenge: "Bring forth your witnesses who bear witness that God has forbidden this." Like many whom I had tested before him, he too fell into the Quranic trap. He responded with one of his idols’ names with the usual fabricated phrase: "Muhammad Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam." Then, I continued finishing the verse 6:150 and reminded him of the beginning of the section by reading verses 6:112-6:117. This debate was being recorded live in front of the select Kazak audience. Suddenly, he realized that his polytheism was exposed naked. He appeared to have woken up from a nightmare and complained for not hearing anything I had read to him. Ironically, his answer to the question testified to the opposite. Perhaps, his reception of verses was interrupted with troops of hadiths bouncing in his head. He was walking with the help of lightning; he would see the truth surrounding him for a few seconds; but would immediately revert back to the darkness of ignorance. I then reminded him and the audience the verses explaining the phenomenon: when you recite God’s aya to them, they do not hear and do not understand, since there is a wall (Hijab) and curtain between them and God’s message (17:45).

Abu Eesa was trying to prove his monotheistic zeal by criticizing those who visit graves of saints and ask for their help. At one point he reminded us that ONLY God could be Omnipresent and Omniscient, and condemned the practice as idol-worship. Of course, we were all in agreement with him on this. But, I knew for sure, he had no clue what he was talking about. I knew the nature of hadith and sunna, a forest of vertical, horizontal and diagonal contradictions (68:35-38). I knew that he would contradict his own criticism against calling on dead saints and prophets. So, I asked him whether he was commemorating God alone in his Sala prayers in accordance with the Quran (20:14; 72:18; 39:45; 3:18). I asked him whether he was addressing Muhammad just after addressing God when he was reciting al-Fatiha in the standing position. Those who betrayed God and His messenger by associating various sources to the Quran, call Muhammad while they are in sitting position: "Assalamu alaika ayyuha annabiyyu…" (Peace be upon YOU, O the Prophet…) as if Prophet Muhammad was Omnipresent and Omniscient second person while they were praying. At that point, Abu Eesa forgot about his criticism against the worshippers of dead saints and prophets, and declared his polytheistic practice by emphasizing the word AYYUHA, which is a strong indication of the presence of the person. What was his justification for this contradiction? No surprise: HADITH, a word that has been prophetically condemned by the Quran. He used the same justification for asking for help from the most popular idol in the world, Hajarul Aswad, the black rock in Mecca. (For details of our arguments against Hadith and Sunna, please see the Manifesto for Islamic Reform. It is published by BrainbowPress and also available online in several languages at www.islamicreform.org).

Abu Eesa could not respond to many fatal criticisms to his Sunni position. For instance, his interpretation of the hadith in which Omar stops a sahaba from bringing pen and paper so that Prophet Muhammad in his death bed could write something to help them not deviate from right path. According to that "authentic hadith," Omar declared "The prophet is sick and has fever. He does not know what he is saying. Hasbuna Kitab-ulllah (God's book is sufficient for us)". According to the same hadith, Omar's reasoning for stopping Muhammad from writing anything in his death bed was accepted by all the prominent sahaba present there. Abu Eesa's attempted defense of this hadith missed the entire point. He had also hard time to explain the three different versions of the most important statement in the most witnessed hadith, The Last Sermon, in his "holy hadith books." According to numerous hadith books, Prophet Muhammad left people (a) The Quran and Sunna; (b) The Quran and his family; or (c) The Quran. Even a rudimentary knowledge of history would be sufficient to know the reason for these discrepancies and the reasons behind the fabrication of the two versions that contradict the Quran.

Women are in the Company of Dogs, not Pigs!

Abu Eesa was a talented demagogue. He was not a "straw man" that I could punch to death and declare a cheap victory. He was one of the best apologists Sunnis could get. During our discussion on women issues, he took the lead in defense of women. He went even further than me and most of the feminists. He declared women to be superior to men. Yes, this Sunni imam was declaring superiority of women over men! One of the signs for the end of the world! Our Sunni imam's superwoman would not last more than a few seconds. I was not moved by such a hyperbole, since I knew the double talk... If later he were to be interrogated by his misogynist followers, he would defend himself by saying: "I meant mothers; not wives and sisters!" If Abu Eesa was honest about his promotion of hadith and Sunna, than he should have said exactly the opposite about woman. I did not list dozens of hadith from his so-called "authentic hadith books" that demean, insult and accuse women for being the cause of the biggest troubles of ignorant men. I just reminded him of one of his hadiths from his favorite book, Bukhari (I am not misrepresenting his position regarding Bukhari, since he publicly declared that he believed that some hadiths abrogated verses of the Quran):

"What do you think Abu Eesa about this hadith: 'If a donkey, a pig and a woman passes in front of one's prayer, his prayer is nullified.'?" After a short pause, our Sunni imam got animated and pointed at my ignorance of his hadith! He proudly corrected my error. I had misquoted his hadith; it was a dog not a pig! If you are a pet-loving American, you may find little problem with such a company. His hadith collections condemned dogs, required those touched by a dog to wash themselves seven times in a special way, and instructed the killing of all black dogs... So, there was not much relief for women to be promoted to the level of female dogs, even the white ones. To show off his knowledge of hadith, our imam inadvertently abrogated his own fabricated hadith with a dog. The dog in his hadith books came to life and ate my erroneous pig together with his imaginary Sunni superwoman!

The Extraordinary Deeds of Psychokinetic, Telekinetic or Pyrokinetic Energy!

Besides Hadith and Sunna, there was another hoax I had to deal with. I was hearing from my hosts about a Russian guy with paranormal powers. According to many eye-witness testimonies, he was burning holes in things with sheer mental concentration. As a rational monotheist, as a critical thinker, I did not hesitate to reject the claims to be 99.9 percent a hoax. They laughed at me. They had in the past taken extreme skeptics who did not give even a 0.1 percent chance. One of their recent guests was a philosophy professor from Moscow University, who had become a total believer in pyrokinesis. They wanted to take me to a session so that I could witness the paranormal event. I could not pass up the offer.

During the nine days in Almaty, I met three Kazaks who shared the name Serik (from Arabic Sherik, that is Partner or Friend). This Serik was educated in the United States and was a successful businessman and financial advisor. He was in his early thirties. He had two Mercedes cars, one driven by his private driver. He enjoyed trying to scare me by accelerating his new Mercedes G Wagon in Almaty's narrow streets. The Russian guy lived on the fifth floor of a dilapidated apartment building. The door had multiple locks on it. Upon our entry, he gave an envelope to the Russian who called himself Alexander. Later, I learned that he had popped-up 2,000 dollars for the half-an-hour session. Alexander was a skinny man in his forties. He had a very serious demeanor and all-business attitude. I noticed that before leading me to a chair across from him, he rushed to sit at a chair in front of a little desk with a circular top. He started talking in Russian about his talents of collecting energy from nature and focusing on things he wanted to burn. Serik was a fluent translator and experienced disciple. Alexander was claiming connections with Russian military.

Alexander then produced an inflated little balloon and put it between my right hand and his left hand. I was expecting some kind of laser hidden somewhere, but nothing appeared suspicious; he wore a simple shirt with short sleeves. He was talking about the special energy he had that would not pop the balloon. The balloon stayed suspended between his palm and my palm for about thirty seconds. He was making low humming noises. I started feeling warmth in the middle of my palm. Then the heat increased and I felt as if there was a ball of fire in my palm. I had to let the balloon fall. It was a very unusual experience. I had in the past studied hypnosis and participated in hypnotic sessions, but this had nothing to do with it. I was not even informed beforehand that I would feel heat inside my palm. But, I was open to every scientific and "normal" explanation before believing that all my lost socks were indeed stolen by Martian visitors. Unfortunately, I knew that for many people Martian thieves were the first explanation for the disappearing socks phenomenon!

I was not paying much attention to what was he telling me through Serik. I was carefully watching like James Randi who had exposed Uri Geller, the notorious Israeli fraudster. Alexander moved to his second show. He opened his hand and let me feel it. It was colder than usual. He then pressed against my right hand palm and started doing the same thing: concentrating and humming. I heard a puff sound and felt a burning pain in the back of my hand between my thumb and index finger. I tried not to overreact. I wanted to take the picture of him, but I respected his wish not to be photographed.

Then, Alexander showed me several plastic cups and placed them on the floor next to my feet. He went all the way into another room which was connected to his office. He sat on a chair about 20 feet away. He started humming and I noticed the plastic cup starting to melt from the side facing him. Within a few seconds he carved a hole in the plastic cup. He did a few similar burnings and poking holes in plastic. Noticing that he was burning and poking holes on the same straight line, I grabbed a cup and put it on the floor at another location and asked him to burn it there. He grabbed it and located it somewhere else in an animated fashion and rapid talking. He made me sit on another chair and from behind started concentrating on the cup. He excitedly claimed that he burned it by sending his energy through my eyeglasses or eyes. I then took a dollar bill from my wallet and put it on his desk and asked him to burn a hole in it. He put it inside his palm and pointed his right hand's index finger accompanied with exaggerated concentration and bragging words about his powers. He did poke a little whole in the American dollar that had already been turned to doughnut by the "robber banks", Wall Street and corporate thieves who stole billions of taxpayers dollars during their recent heist in American history.

I asked Alexander a few questions about the source of his powers. He talked about his veins, about a special diet of 400 gram of vegetables and 40 gram of nuts, about earth, water, fire, air and ether. Long live Empedocles! I had already witnessed so many red flags that when he started to diagnose my potential health problems and missing the ones I already had, I tried my best to endure his insults to my intelligence. I also wondered about his knowledge about the Randy Foundation, which has been offering 1 million dollars for anyone that could prove paranormal powers. I asked him to go there and claim the money. He made up an excuse: he had a contract with the military for four more months and he would not be able to go out during this period. When I left his office, I was impressed by his talents and showmanship, yet I was sure that he was using some devices to create the burning effect. I suspected two things: laser engravers and chemicals that could have delayed the burning effect.

The following day I asked Serik to take me there so that I expose the hoax. I recorded my encounter with the fraudster. To make my job easy, Serik arranged this session with Alexander for Aidar, the journalist. At the door, I entered his office with a camcorder. I demanded him to apologize for three things: for insulting my intelligence, for burning my hand and for defrauding thousands of dollars from my friends. I added that he had to give back all the money he received from them. He appeared to be composed and cool. Serik was doing very well in translating our conversation. At a point, I grabbed a plastic cup and put it by the entrance door and challenged him to perform his powers there. He accepted with a condition: he would do it only with the presence of Aidar, the new "recruit." I had no choice but to accept since I had no clear idea what his trick was about and the two of my friends were not sure about my allegations. Serik and I got out and he locked the door behind us. Taking advantage of this period, I decided to climb to the attic from the opening. I climbed the metal stairs on the wall and pushed the square door all the way pulling myself to the attic. It was dark and dirty. I looked for wires and vertically installed laser engravers in the ceiling of his office room. I was disappointed, nothing was there. I came down and asked Serik to call Aidar and learn what was going on. We had to wait a few more minutes. When the door opened I entered, Aidar put his arms on my shoulder with his head down, "Let's get out of here; he is real. I am hundred percent sure, he is genuine." I could not believe my eyes and ears. Aidar appeared pale and shaken. He was very scared. There was big hole on his nylon windbreaker on the right side of his chest. He had not responded to my challenge by poking hole in the cup by the door. Instead, he had chosen to have a new recruit. He had chosen offence. I asked him whether he was injected with some kind of medication. I could not explain his betrayal of me through normal circumstances.

Alexander was now working on Serik, perhaps his best disciple. I had to interrupt. I searched under the desk. I saw sticky stuff under it. I thought they were the secret chemicals he was using; but they were most likely gum pieces as he claimed. Then, I opened the little door under the desk. There I noticed a pedal, exactly as a I had predicted. When Serik and Aidar saw it, they were shocked. But, this would not last long. Alexander pointed at a little camera on the corner of the wall and claimed that the pedal is for the camera; he was recording the sessions secretly. I did not buy his explanation. I immediately jumped over the seat by the wall and pulled off the device that looked like a small camera. I suspected it to be a laser, disguised inside a camera cover. But, after a brief inspection I was disappointed in myself. I was wrong in my accusation; indeed it was a camera. But, I was still not convinced that the pedal was for the camera. I suspected a clever cover up. If someone discovered the pedal, then Alexander has a convincing explanation for it. I felt the urge to discover the devises he was using. I had promised Aslbek and others that I would surely expose the hoax and now I was nowhere near close to it. The attic had not produced any clue, nor the pedal hidden under his desk.

I sat down on the chair and held the balloon in my hand and challenged him to do his trick there. He appeared to accept my challenge. But after a brief moment of concentration, he started telling Serik that he had accumulated too much energy and could blow my hand off. I did not swallow his bluff. I challenged him to blow my hand off and while at it he should also blow my head off. I started timing him, using my watch. I told him that he had only five minutes to unveil his tricks and apologize for his three crimes; otherwise I would call the American embassy and ask them to send police here to ransack his office. He was not giving up. He was trying to influence Serik to ask me to give up. I would not. I informed him about the few minutes left for him to avoid the police.

When the five minutes finished I asked Serik to call the US embassy. I was going to tell them that a Russian crook had defrauded me, an American citizen, and I needed police to come to the address. Serik did not respond to me. Losing my patience, I decided to use some force. I charged the desk which was attached to the floor, and kicked it hard, breaking the jar and spreading some knickknacks to the floor. From the bottom of the table, a bundle of white cables were exposed. They were curving back to the room in the back. Following the lead of the wires, I went to the other room where he had his bed. At that point I heard Serik telling me that he confessed his trick. He was using chemicals. I knew that he was still trying to hide his real trick. So, I continued my search. Behind the bed there was a section covered with blankets. When I removed the blankets an electronic devise comprising of two big boxes was exposed. My friends were in shock. They never expected such a professional set up. The devices, according to Alexander, were generating microwaves. He also mentioned using chemicals in combination. I did not pay much attention to his explanations, since I never trusted him. I am not yet sure exactly how it worked, but either he was filling the room with microwaves which would activate the chemical that he would secretly attach to things. Most likely, he was sticking the chemical to the back of our hands with his thump when he was shaking our hands. In fact, the location where he burned our hands was exactly corresponding to where the tip of his thump would land. It would be difficult to explain why he was not able to produce the same effect when I challenged him in different locations. Perhaps, he would not have chance to obtain extra chemicals and attach it under scrutiny. I am not sure. Considering all the locations that he performed his tricks, they were on a straight line across his bed room. Regardless of the details, it was now clear that he was using a high tech device to create the burning effect on his subjects.

I recorded his apology. He apologized for insulting the intelligence of a philosopher, for burning my hand and for defrauding my friends. Later I felt compassion for him and gave him a heart-to-heart advice. I kept my word and did not call police on him. Serik took the envelope containing several thousand dollars. Then, he asked for all the money previously given to him by him and his friends. He told him that he was stashing his money somewhere else. Serik's chauffeur took them; he retrieved about ten thousands dollars.

Two days later, Aslbek wanted Abu Eesa to experience the same show. He was curious about his reaction. I went with Abu Eesa pretending being there for the first time. We recorded his experience and reaction. He was acting like a scientist, but a very gullible one. He appeared to be trusting every word of explanation given by Alexander. Alexander was using natural terminology to explain his powers, but he was also mixing the word spirit with them. Abu Eesa was eager to explain his powers with Jinnies or ghosts. So, he was trying to hear more about the spirit part. I asked Abu Eesa a few short questions so that he could elaborate on his jinnies theories. I reminded him about the paintings containing Christian figures and symbols. He was convinced that it was jinny power. Before leaving Abu Eesa invited Alexander to read the Quran. It was refreshing to hear Abu Eesa promoting the Quran. I could not stop myself interjecting: "Brother Abu Eesa, you are peddling Bukhari to us, but I see that you are advising the Quran to outsiders. Why don't you ask him to read Bukhari?" I am sure; Abu Eesa knew that no sound person would accept Islam by starting from Bukhari. None would have any respect or sympathy for the fictional Muhammad depicted by Bukhari. For converts, Bukhari would be inserted into the scene afterwards to distort the message of the Quran!

In Order to Blind Himself to Code 19, the Sunni Imam adds Two More Letters to Bismillah!

The following day, I was asked to give a lecture on Code 19 to a small group of mathematicians and philosophers. I had little time and on top of that the translation slowed me down. I made a philosophical introduction and presented the tip of the iceberg. One of the philosophers, Beket Nurzhanov, invoked Pythagoras's name and dismissed my presentation as numerology. I knew Pythagoras very well and I very much liked him. But, I knew that code 19 was based on a verifiable and falsifiable factual observation and had little to do with Pythagorean esoteric number mysticism.

Hearing that he had company among our distinguished guests, our imam, Ebu Eesa got a second wind. He declared that the frequency of the word Month in the Quran was not 12, and the frequency of the word Day was not 365 as I presented. He obviously had no clue about what he was talking. I wished that we had more time to discuss this issue face to face; but we did not have time. The imam added one more refutation: the number of the letters in the Bismillah (Basmala) was not 19 either; it had 21 letters. He also claimed that he could come up with similar numerical patterns by using the Kazakhstan constitution. I was glad to hear such a concrete statement and I challenged him to do so in three or four months. In fact, later I changed my mind regarding the Kazakh constitution since it is not in the Latin alphabet and he could easily tamper with its letters as he did with the most popular verse of the Quran. Thus, later I challenged him to produce similar patterns from the Constitution of the United States.

Abu Eesa demanded more time and the stage to spew his aversion against the number 19, one of the greatest divine signs. I gave him the marker and the board and asked him to show the extra two letters in Bismillah that I had missed! I was glad that the session was recorded by a professional so that the world would witness the kind of ignorance and arrogance the enemies of the prophetic sign have. Interestingly, the former head of the religious affairs in Turkey too had made exactly the same absurd claim in front of millions in a live debate with me, which is now available on the internet. It is such an absurd claim since the number of letters in Bismillah is no secret and it does not require the knowledge of hadith and so-called (pseudo)science of hadith to know it. Any student in an elementary school in Arabic speaking countries could easily count its 19 letters. In fact, not a single Sunni or Shiite scholar who happened to mention the number of letters in Bismillah contradicted that simple fact. For instance, famous Molla Jami starts his divan by referring to the 19 letters of Bismillah. Abu Layth Samarqandi in his Quran interpretation refers to a hadith about the three (not four!) letters of its first word, Bism. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi in his impressive interpretation of the Quran, Tafsir al-Kabir, refers to an interesting connection made between the 19 letters of Bismillah and the guardians of hell, claiming that each letter protects from their harms. Al-Qurtubi in his Al-Jami' li Ahkam il-Quran, reports hadith about 19 letters of Bismillah. Similarly, the Kurdish Sunni scholar Said Nursi too refers to that simple fact numerous times. Furthermore, millions of Pakistani and Hindu Muslims have the tradition of using 786, the numerical value of the 19 letters, for Bismillah. In sum, our imam neither could verify simple facts was aware of his own sources.

After the discovery of the code 19 and the fulfillment of its prophecies mentioned in chapter 74, Muslim scholars started adding letters to the most repeated verse of the Quran, BiSMi ALLaH AL-RaHMaN AL-RaHYM. As usual, they could not agree about the number of letters they were hallucinating. Some claimed that it had 21 letters and some claimed 22. Our Pakistani-British imam was hallucinating 21 letters. However, during the few seconds it took him to reach the white board with the marker in his hand, he changed his mind. Instead of adding two alifs as he claimed while sitting in his chair, somehow he did just the opposite. He deleted three alifs from Bismillah and uttered a few nonsensical claims regarding the ease of coming up with a numerical structure based on its 16 letters! Of course, he did not come up with a single example, except his utter confusion by first claiming two extra alifs in Basmala and then when challenged, this time deleting three alifs from it! He managed to do both in less than a minute! I should not have expected a better criticism from someone who considered Bukhari a holy book, believed the authority of holy hungry goats in shaping his sharia law, and believed that some hadith reports abrogated the verses of the Quran.

During one of our debates, at one point Imam Abu Eesa, made a negative remark regarding the www.19.org logo on my T-shirt. He called it a "cult." I asked him to define cult and then check whether I were a cult member. Upon my rebuke an invitation to substantiate his accusation, he gave up. Later, Hasan Mahmud came up with a great line of defense: "No cult would put a question mark under their logo"

The Derrida-loving Philosopher Joins the Sunni Imam in an Imaginary Universe!

While talking against code 19, our imam cleverly reminded the audience his agreement with the great doctor in the room who dismissed the code 19 as a modern version of Pythagorean numerology. He was in complete agreement with Professor Beket Nurzhanov, Head of the Department of History of Philosophy of the Kazakhstan National University named after Al Farabi. Beket was well-groomed and knew how to speak English. His appearance, age and title demanded respect. A few minutes later when the session ended with a tea break, I joined him.

While sipping from my cup of tea, I wondered about Beket's mind and I asked him about his philosophy. He listed the names of his favorite philosophers. Derrida was among them and it was enough for me to get some idea about his modus operandi. I did not find any common philosopher, except for Nietzsche, among our favorites list. I liked Socrates, Leibniz, Wittgenstein, Hume, among many others. I questioned this Derrida-loving professor about the reason of his dismissal of my presentation, without even bothering to study it. He told me this, "According to a mathematician, there could be another universe where 2+2 could be making 3 or 5." Yes, read it again if you wish, without spilling your cup of tea.

I did not ask him the identity of that mathematician. Honestly, I did not care about such a nerd. Our doctor, who dismissed the code 19, was the worst of all relativists. He doubted the reliability of universal mathematical statements. As a constant seeker of truth and servant of the Truth, I could not try to appease his ego or feelings. I had to tell him what he needed to hear: "According to your mathematician, dear professor, these words coming from your mouth too could be nonsense in another universe." I noticed surprise in his face. I corrected myself. "In fact, I do not need to trust your extraterrestrial mathematician. Forget about another universe, your words are nonsense in many languages and countries of this very little planet!" I meant both meanings of nonsense! He was relying on arbitrary human language to deny universal language of the universe.

When the issue became the divine sign in mathematics, our professor was leaving the mathematics of his universe which he relied on without doubt when he counted his money, his children, his socks and fingers. In order to blind himself to one of the greatest signs and reject the most profound facts of this universe, he was seeking refuge in a mathematician from another universe. At that moment, I felt pity for his students and remembered the Quranic verse 7:146.

Aside from confronting theological and scientific hoaxes, among the many memories that I will remember for a long time is my experience in a Russian sauna which, reportedly, had the temperature up to 80 degrees Celsius. For the first time I ate horse meat and drank horse milk (k?m?z), which was the most disgusting thing after the Durian fruit I had tasted in China a year before. Again, for the first time, I saw young Kazaks juggling not one but two dual cell phones, each phone having two phone numbers (2x2=4 in our universe!).

There I had a great time with Ray Catton, his wife Sophia, and Hasan Mahmud who all joined us from Canada. Tufan Karadere and Gökhan Aycan from Turkey, and Arnold Mol from Holland contributed to the conference with fresh voices and pleasant conversations. I was impressed by Hasan Mahmud who is an activist serving in Muslim Canadian Congress as its Director of Sharia Law since last six years. He was well prepared to expose the so-called Sharia Law. A half-an-hour interview with him by Raymond was recorded, and inshallah it will soon be available on the Internet together with other video recordings.

Unfortunately, several other invitees could not make it there. For instance, Mohammed Jaseer of India had to return from Abu Dhabi airport because of miscommunication regarding visa. My colleague Layth al Shaiban planned for it but could not make it.

During my brief visit to Almaty, I met many bright Kazaks and enjoyed their company. Aslbek Musin, Serik Kushenov, Yerlan Salmenov, Serik Ryszhanov (debator), Serik Kupeishin (lawyer), Damir Almarekov, Berik Otemurat, Aidar Kaipov, DinMukhamed, Timur, Abu Walid Khamdi, Talgat, Ismail, Murtaza, and many others will inshallah be the pioneers in promoting Islamic Reform in Kazakshtan, the surrounding countries and the world. We ended the conference with an evaluation and some decisions, which included the following:

1. Redesign the 19.org and turn it to a multilingual hub of communication and cooperation for monotheists around the world.

2. Start weekly Quranic studies at homes.

3. Include women in philosophical, educational, cultural and social activities. Without women's participation an Islamic reform is not possible.

4. Translate some books into Russian, including the introduction and endnotes of the Reformist Translation of the Quran and the upcoming book, Nineteen: God's Signature in Nature and Scripture.

5. Promote critical and creative thinking among secondary school students, and campaign to include critical thinking courses in public school curriculum.

6. Establish a club or foundation to promote culture of innovation through competition among young inventors.

7. Knowing the importance of comparative advantage in global economy, focus on a few technologies with great potentials and attract the best minds from around the world to do research on them.

8. Avoid the extravagant life-style and addiction with consumption; focus on charity.

9. Fight corruption and lead Kazakhstan to be a role model for the so-called Muslim world.

10. Without compromising individual freedoms and idiosyncrasies, establish a strong network and cooperation among monotheists.

11. To promote rational monotheism, peace, justice and progress, facilitate global projects and organize the next conference either in London or Istanbul.

Let me finish this report with a remark made by Serik Kushenov in a fancy restaurant in Almaty. When I complained about a fly hovering over our table and bragged about American restaurants having no flies, Serik swatted with a big smile: "We have flies here because our food is natural and organic" Well, I found people of the Kazakhstan as natural and organic! J

To see the pictures of our conference in Almaty, you may visit my Picassa at:

http://picasaweb.google.com/edipyuksel

To watch the video recordings of our debates, you may visit the following links:

Ooops… Not ready yet.

Last Updated on Tuesday, 27 October 2009 03:46
 
Generalisation of Islam; Wilders and Islamophobia PDF Print E-mail
Written by Arnold Yasin Mol   
Monday, 08 February 2010 12:13

For the last 3 years a new phenomena has arisen on the anti-Islam/Islamophobia scene. My countryman Geert Wilders. His anti-Islam rhetoric became harsher and harsher over the last 5 years since the murder of director Theo van Gogh, who was killed by a madman who believed he acted in the name of Islam. The killer followed medieval writings of several severe dogmatic scholars, who lived in a time of war and chaos. The idea that a person offending Islam or the Prophet Muhammad should be killed, contradicts the Qur'an on many points:

28:55 (Additionally) whenever they hear vain talk of ridicule, they withdraw from it decently and say, "To us our deeds and to you yours; Peace be upon you, we do not seek to join the ignorant.”

25:63 The true servants of the Beneficent are those who walk upon the earth humbly, and when the ignorant ones address them, they say, "Peace!"


But although this has been stated by many Muslims in the Dutch media, the anti-Islam retoric has increased, and whatever Muslims say, people will keep connecting terrorism and violence to Islam. Wilders had created a short movie called "Fitna", where he misquoted and even mistranslated the Qur'an, and backed these up with some extremist Imams who have never represented the majority of Muslims in the world.

Now Wilders is being trialled for discriminating against Muslims, the religion Islam, and foreigners. During the first hearing he made a statement that his remarks could not be taken as discrimination if they were the truth. And so he has conveniently switched the discussion and now Islam itself is on trial. This very interesting turn of events not only shows the arrogance, but also the blind ignorance of Wilders. the witnesses he has required to testify to prove Islam is a violent, fascist ideology, are several orientalist scholars, and several orthodox and extremist Imams and persons. Including the above mentioned killer of Theo van Gogh. So now, the court is really going to compare the Qur'an with Hiler's Mein Kampf (one of the comparisons Wilders has made).

Wilders is destroying his own defense as:

1. He talks about "THE Islam". While there are hundreds of schools, sects and thoughts.
2. He gets people there as witnesses who cannot give an objective opinion (probably Arabist Hans Jansen), the killer who is rejected by the majority of the Muslims (Mohammad B), or a minority sect representative (Salafi Imam Faouzy).
3. He is to compare a TRANSLATION of the Qur'an with Mein Kampf, while a translation is always AN approach to the Qur'an, and not THE approach. And verses should also be understood in context, and words how they are used by the Quran. Often translations are simplistic in explaining words, and miss the background history of verses.

And do these witnesses really represent Islam? Of course not, but this doesn't stop Wilders. If he had said there were interpretations within Islam that are fascistic and violent, then he could never be said to discriminate as that is the plain truth. But he doesn't do this, he generalizes and makes the minority extremists the real followers of Islam. Wilders has thus become the expert on Islam, and we the Moslims are ignorant.The 99% of 1.5 Billion Muslims on earth are ignorant and that we believe Islam to be peaceful is an illusion. Of course there are interpretations which aren't productive, realistic or rational, but this is to be expected when there are hundreds on hundreds of different ideas in Islam and 1400 years to distile them. There is no THE Islam, as we humans decide what Islam is. We read the Qur'an, we interprete the Qur'an, we apply the Qur'an, we have written the history of Islam. And so, we humans are responsible for how we express Islam.

I myself don't agree with many medieval ideas present in Islamic thought, as these were not originally part of Islam, and the concept of Shari'a was never stagnant but very flexible (see interview with Sheikh Fadl). Sadly Muslims and scholars have been more busy with defending Islam then seeing what is really part of Islam or what parts could be reformed. But this will eventually change, as economies and governments in Muslim countries are getting better, and with more freedom and better economy, so also the intelligence grows with it.

Wilders is now also invited by 2 British parliamentarians to show "Fitna" in the British Parliament. He was earlier rejected to enter the UK, because he was deemed a hazard for the public order.

I don't mind Wilders having this anti-Islamic rhetoric, but it is important Muslims themselves speak up more in the media, and that the voice of Islamic reform is heard. This is now partially possible through the Dutch Muslim Party (NMP), the political party which I'm part off, these brave Muslims are showing the true side of Muslims and that we can contribute to the democracy.



At the moment I'm also busy with gathering several Western non-muslim scholars/orientalists who are objective about Islam, and know and can explain the diversity of Islamic thought and especially the peacefulness of the majority.

I also challenge Wilders to put me into the witness stand! I myself have studied Islam closely for years now, and have read hundreds and hundreds of books and articles on Islam and the Qur'anic message and meanings, and work together with many famous Islam scholars and writers, this website is a testimony of my efforts. And my conclusion about Islam is: It is is diverse as any religion, and it has contributed and will contribute immensely to worldpeace and progress. May peace be on the world, and may Wilders see the difference between a person calling himself Muslim and who acts as a Muslim, a peacekeeping person.

10:25 God invites to the abode of Peace.


And not to the abode of war or violence....

Copyright ©2010 AY Mol

 
Muslims approaches to Interfaith Dialogue : The Authentic and the Apologetic PDF Print E-mail
Written by Arnold Yasin Mol   
Friday, 21 August 2009 14:29
by Adis Duderija

This piece of writing was prompted by the author’s attendance of a recently organised inter-faith dialogue in his place of residence, Perth, W.Australia. As a committee member of one of the inter-faith organisations myself which ever since its inception some 4 years ago I found it a welcome development that the local group of Imams have been involved in organising an inter-faith event ,especially given the fact that their attendance at events organised by ‘my’ interfaith group ,apart from one notable exception (an imam who probably is not the member of the council of imams in question), was virtually non-existent. Nevertheless, ,according to one of the ‘traditional’imams , whose talk I will utilise to discuss some broader issues pertaining to Muslim approaches to inter-faith dialogue, inter-faith dialogue was ‘ a burning issue’ of huge socio-political and religious significance. 

I would like to analyse the imam’s ( who has a significant following and is seen as ‘progressive’ by many young people) speech in relation to the question of an authentic vs. apologetic approach to inter-faith dialogue. An authentic approach I define as one that deals with the reality of the complex nature ,diversity and at times mutually exclusive strands of what constitutes a religious tradition with the attendant issue of who has the power and authority to ‘canonise’ and interpret that very tradition. An approach which evaluates religious tradition holistically, contextually and in a historically sensitive manner. An apologetic approach, on the other hand, strives to score an ideological point in most cases but importantly it is also a one dimensional approach and an understanding of the religious tradition based on selective utilisation of tradition that suppresses certain aspects of it and privileges others, an approach which is at best semi-contextualist and not attune to the historical circumstances in which the tradition unfolded.

Islam, according to the imam in question, by the virtue of its very doctrine (‘aqidah) has a very ‘inclusivist’ approach to inter-faith, although God recognises one din by which the imam implicitly assumes that that din is the historical religion of prophet Muhammad ( here he neglects explicit Qur’anic verses that do recognise the multiplicity of manahij (paths) towards shari’ah ( pathway to God) and not din as well as his reification of Islam and confluence with the historical Islam of prophet Muhammad . According to the imam this inclusivism is attested by the Islam’s doctrinal principles of unity of God’s Message, the very meaning of Islam/Muslims, the unity of Prophet hood and the historical truth of Islam’s ‘tolerance’ of non-Muslim religions based on the Qur’anically founded principle bestowing upon non-Muslims the right to worship in freedom.
Now this all sounds nice and ‘beautiful’ in the world of late modernity ( or post-modernity) but it is no so much what the imam did say that I am critical of but of the things he did not say that I find problematic. 
Firstly, he did not mention that one part of the ‘mainstream’ Sunni Islamic doctrine is the notion of successive nature of Prophethood which was fulfilled and completed by prophet Muhammad which renders all other existing traditions apriori as ‘incomplete’ ,’corrupted’ or ‘deviant’ . Hence, as Muslims, there is nothing we can learn from “Them” ( in this respect let me mention that before he was to speak a Christian representative was speaking on the issue of inter-faith dialogue from a Catholic perspective and based on the behaviour of another younger imam (engaging in talk with someone else) as well as the imam in question (coming late and leaving the room a number of times) - one could clearly see this attitude of ‘ “you have nothing of importance to say’ manifesting itself by their poor listening and inattention as to what the Christian speaker had to say).  
Secondly , the way Islamic historical experience of dealing with the other was presented gave an impression that it represented the pinnacle of ‘tolerance’ ( based use of terminology-used in toxicology as to how much ‘medicine’ one can ‘tolerate’ before it starts having adverse effects ). This brushes aside more problematic evidence, for example in contemporary S.Arabia or other countries (e.g. Afghanistan but also some more ‘secular’ Maghrebi countries) , in relation to issues of non-permissibility of restoration of existing churches and the erecting of new ones or the ban on public practise of non-Muslim faiths ,including proselytising , and the non-existing option of choosing to opt out of Muslim faith ( or if you do it would attract capital punishment, albeit as a last resort not often put into practice ). All of these practices and laws are an organic and mainstream component of pre-modern Islamic law, however, none of it was mentioned by the imam and I have significant doubts that he was not aware of this facet of the Islamic tradition.

Thirdly, the imam did not mention other problematic components of the Islamic tradition on the question of the religious other ,especially the hadith literature. Given his external appearance with the emphasis on the fist long beared and trimmed moustache he must be aware of it. Namely, according to several hadith the Prophet had commanded Muslims to ‘distinguish ‘ themselves from the ‘Jews’ (and Christians) by adopting the above and other practices (which I examined in a paper elsewhere ) . This commandment , if authentic, is not interpreted in a context of the political animosity between the 7th century Medinian Muslims whose very existence was under threat and some Jewish tribes at a particular pointing history but is interpreted as a universal principle of a ‘devout’ and ‘pious’ Muslim who keeps the Prophet’s Sunna ( I have also dealt with the issue of what sunah is in a number of academic papers). 

Here I am reproducing one part of a discussion from one of my papers on an exclusivist approach to inter-faith by an Islamic group I term Neo-Traditional Salafis (NTS) which encompasses both ‘traditional’ and neo-fundamentalist approaches :

.Qur’ano-Hadithic texts on the view of the religious “other’ based upon NTS approach to interpretation of Qur’an and Sunnah

a.) Qur’anic verses 
2:120 
Never will the Jews or the Christians be satisfied with thee unless thou follow their form of religion. Say: "The guidance of Allah that is the (only) guidance." Wert thou to follow their desires after the knowledge which hath reached thee then wouldst thou find neither protector nor helper against Allah.


3:118 
O ye who believe! Take not into your intimacy those outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you. They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We have made plain to you the Signs if ye have wisdom.
5:51
O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: they are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust.
9: 5
But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, an seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

3:85
If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah., never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good).

Qur’anic exegesis has documented the context behind these verses and surahs ( chapters).[1] Broadly speaking at the time of revelation of these verses, and the larger chapters ( surah) they are embedded in, the small Muslim population residing in Medina was under constant threat for sheer survival. The threat was both internal and external. The internal threat came from those that the Qur’an on numerous occasions addresses as munafiqun or religious hypocrites who cooperated with the external sources of threat and attempted to sabotage the Muslim community from within. The external threat, apart from the Makkan tribe of Quraysh, was also ,in particular, increasingly felt from the side of Jewish tribes living in the outskirts of Medina. These tribes at first signed a joint peace treaty ,known as “The Constitution of Medina” ,with and swore allegiance to Muhammad. According to this document all of the inhabitants of the city where considered as one community ( ummah) whose religious difference was respected[2]as attested and endorsed by the Qur’an.[3] Furthermore, this document stipulated that between Muslims and Jews there is to be “sincere friendship, and honorable dealing, not treachery”. All the signatories of the document were also to “ help against whoever suddenly attacks[ed] Yathrib[City of Medina]”.[4] However, as Muslim community grew in numbers and strength and became more “self- reliant” and “self-conscious” these Jewish tribes withdrew their support and started to openly cooperate and conspire with the Makkans against the Muslim community.[5]As such they broke the constitutional agreement outlined in the “Constitution of Medina” document by committing treason. This inevitably prompted responses on behalf of the Qur’an and Prophet as to how Muslims ought to deal with these tribes/individuals. In this context the execution of one Jewish tribe and that of the expulsion of another are often used as examples of exlusivist orientation of Muhammad’s policies and that of the Qur’an. That above quoted verses are ,indeed, contextually embedded, and are not universal in nature is born out of the fact that the Qur’anic discourse pertaining to Jews and Christinas not only contains a large number of conciliatory verses that that will be discussed subsequently but as Miraly argues that the Muhammad’s actions against the Jewish tribes from Medina “was[were] not motivated by any sense of religious exclusivism “ but “were result of irresolvable civic tensions that had no bearing on the Qur’an’s position on religious pluralism”.[6] Furthermore, Armstorng , a non-Muslim catholic nun, asserts in this context asserts that after the events of expulsion and execution of two Jewish tribes in question, “Qur’an continued to revere Jewish prophet’s and to urge Muslims to respect the people of the Book .Smaller Jewish groups continued to live in Medina, and later Jews ,like Christians, enjoyed full religious liberty in Islamic empires.”[7] 
In relation to the 3:85 verse , analogous what was said in relation to the changes in the semantical meanings of the words such as mu’min and muslim[8] Esack argues that while the verse in the pre-classical or early stages of Islamic thought was considered to afford salvation to groups outside the Muslim community it was much later when the exegetes had recourse to more sophisticated exegetical devices such as that of theory of abrogation (naskh) were used to “secure exclusion from salvation for the Other”.[9]  
Furthermore, in the case of 9:5 its specific rather then general nature is not only based upon the contextual considerations but also grammatical ones. Namely the use of the definite article in the verse limits the content of the verse to specific tribes addressed is not to be understood as universally prescriptive and normative.[10] 

b.) Ahadith 
The reflection of the above context is also found many ahadith reportedly going back to the Prophet in which the emphasis on the difference between Muslims on the one side and Jews and Christians and thus the creation of a reactionary ,diachotomical identity is noticeable. Here are several examples:
Narrated Abu Hurraira, The Prophet said, "Jews and Christians do not dye their hair so you should do the opposite of what they do."[11] (Bukhari, Sahih, 7.786)

Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-‘As : Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said, "He does not belong to us who imitates other people. Do not imitate the Jews or the Christians, for the Jews' salutation is to make a gesture with the fingers and the Christians' salutation is to make a gesture with the palms of the hands.( Tirmidhi , 4648, classified as weak).

Narrated Abu Hurraira : Suhayl ibn Abu Salih said: I went out with my father to Syria. The people passed by the cloisters in which there were Christians and began to salute them. My father said: Do not give them salutation first, for Abu Hurayrah reported the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) as saying: Do not salute them (Jews and Christians) first, and when you meet them on the road, force them to go to the narrowest part of it. ( Abu Dawood, 5186)[12]

Narrated Abu Hurraira: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Religion will continue to prevail as long as people hasten to break the fast, because the Jews and the Christians delay doing so.(Abu Dawood, 2346)

Ibn 'Abbas reported: "The Messenger of Allah fasted on the day of 'Ashurah and ordered the people to fast on it. The people said: 'O Messenger of Allah, it is a day that the Jews and Christians honor.' The Prophet said, 'When the following year comes--Allah willing--we shall fast on the ninth.' The death of the Prophet came before the following year." This is recorded by Muslim and Abu Dawud. In one version the wording is: "If I remain until next year, we shall fast the ninth," meaning, the tenth. This is related by Muslim and Abu Dawud.[13]


It is not difficult to understand that , the above given verses and narrations, reportedly going back to the Prophet, if taken prima fasciae and without taking into account the above sketched historical circumstances and the background behind the Revelation would result in construction of a very negative view of the religious other which would be considered as normative. This is exactly so in the eyes of those Muslims who follow NTS interpretational model of Qur’ano-Sunnahic teachings characterised by marginalisation of contextual background on the nature , content, understanding, interpretation and objective of the above Qur’anic injunctions and hadithic texts. Additionally, the interpretational proclivity to generalise/universalise these contextually –based injunctions , which is another feature of NTS approach to interpretation of Qur’ano-Sunnahic teachings, would result in application of these verses to all Muslim ,Christian and Jewish communities living during and after the Prophet’s death. NTS atomistic or segmentalist approach to textual evidence which does not systematically consider all the textual evidence[14] on a particular theme in order to develop a coherent and holistic view alongside the taking of recourse to the principal of abrogation (naskh) as espoused by classical Islamic legal theory are also responsible for the development of this view. Additionally, the NTS hadith dependent Sunnah hermeneutic and their ahl-hadith manhaj in relation to hadith criticism render the above quoted ahadith as normative ,thus religiously binding. Thus, based on the delineating features of NTS manhaj “verses that appear to inspire intolerance and cohersion were[are] willfully misrepresented , in an attempt to overpower the essential and overarching message of the Qur’an : one of toleration.”[15]
In addition to the above there are several Qur’anic verses and a number of ahadith which , when taken out of their original context described above and applied decontextually , impact upon the view of the religious other and thus impact upon a particular type of religious identity construction vis-à-vis the religious other as they emphasise the tension and enmity that existed between Muslims and Jews and Christians during the time of the Prophet’s early Medinian community for example by invoking God’s curses on them. Here we consider several of those. 

c.) Qur’anic verses:[16]
5:82 
Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou fined the Jews and Pagans…
9: 29
Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His apostle nor acknowledge the religion of truth (even if they are) of the People of the Book until they pay the Jizya with willing submission and feel themselves subdued.  

d.)Ahadith:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "You (i.e. Muslims) will fight with the Jews till some of them will hide behind stones. The stones will (betray them) saying, 'O 'Abdullah (i.e. slave of Allah)! There is a Jew hiding behind me; so kill him.(Bukhari, 4. 176)[17]

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Mulaika Aisha said that the Jews came to the Prophet and said, "As-Samu 'Alaikum" (death be on you)." 'Aisha said (to them), "(Death) be on you, and may Allah curse you and shower His wrath upon you!" The Prophet said, "Be calm, O 'Aisha! You should be kind and lenient, and beware of harshness and Fuhsh (i.e. bad words)." She said (to the Prophet), "Haven't you heard what they (Jews) have said?" He said, "Haven't you heard what I have said (to them)? I said the same to them, and my invocation against them will be accepted while theirs against me will be rejected (by Allah).( Bukhari, 8.57)

The conflictive nature of these verses and ahadith texts, again if considered from the NTS interpretational perspective[18], can have very grim implications and provide a religious foundation for a purely oppositional, conflictive Muslim identity construction vis –a-vis the religious Other. This is particularly evident in the following statement by El-Fadl who , in this context asserts, 
The puritan[19] worldview is bipolar- on the one end there is Islam which represents the unadulterated good, and on the other end are non-Muslims ,who represent evil. Relying on the writings of some classical jurists ,the puritans advocate a theology known as al-wala’ wa al-bara’ ( the doctrine of loyalty and disassociation) which states it is imperative that Muslims care for ,ally them with , and befriend only Muslims. Accordingly , Muslims may ally themselves with or seek the assistance of non-Muslims only for limited and identifiable purposes. Muslims should do so only if they are weak and in need, but as soon as Muslims are able to regain their power, they must regain their superior status…The fact that non-Muslims are not Muslim is seen as a moral fault …[20]
This type of mentality and approach to Jews and Christians, for example, is promoted by a NTS scholar Albani(d.1999) who considers that Prophet forbade to initiate greetings with Jews and Christians and that Muslims should not develop genuine, human -based relationships with non-Muslims .He basis his decisions upon a complete decontextualist approach to a couple of isolated hadith including the one cited above on the authority of ‘Aisha.[21] 
As such this NTS manhaj engenders a construction of a religiously exclusivist Self vis-a-vis the Religious Other.
(end of reproduced section)

This begs the question as the why the imam did not mention this aspect of the Islamic tradition that we as Muslims need to acknowledge and deal with in a methodologically sound and historically sensitive and honest manner, especially if we want to promote inter-religious understanding. Sweeping things under the carpet and pretend that they are not there is not only apologetic but also ‘politically ‘ and ‘morally incorrect. So much for the imam’s own strong criticism of and the contention that the recent efforts in inter-faith dialogue and ‘recognition and appreciation of diversity’ stemming from the ‘West’ was an exercise of ‘political correctness’ whereas in the case of Islam it was from the very beginning indigenous and inherent in the tradition itself. 
In what follows I am reproducing some parts of my other writings on this issue of the “Islamic’ perspectives on religious diversity and inclusion highlighting the importance of context :

The Religious Self and the Other in the Qur’an and Sunnah: The Importance of Context

Before examining the question of the Religious Self and the Religious Other in the Qur’an and Sunnah , more needs to be said about the revelatory environment in which the revelation and the Prophet’s embodiment of revelation took place as–revelatory environment relates to the question of the identity of the Self and that of the Other, especially in the Medinan period. Not only was it primarily in Medina that Muhammad’s message—and, therefore, the Muslim identity—became more “Self-conscious,” but also the Medinan model of the Prophetic and early Muslim community is considered by many Muslims worthy of emulation in many respects, including that of the relationship with the (religious) Other. Furthermore, even a cursory examination of the Qur’anic content (and, therefore, of the Prophet’s legacy) was organically linked to this context, especially the dimension of the Qur’anic content bearing on the relationship between Muslims and the religious “Other”.[22]
Several general points need to be considered in attempting to understand, from a religious perspective, the concept of the identity of Self and Other as understood during the Prophet’s time in light of the Qur’an and the Prophet’s embodiment of it.
First, the context behind the emergence of the Prophet Muhammad’s message in 7th century Hijaz was such that it took place alongside already well-established religious communities, most important of which were, apart from the pre-Qur’anic paganism, Judaism, Christianity, and Hanifiyyah.[23] The Qur’an describes several instances of the Muslim community’s attitude toward the non-Muslim Other[24] and vice-versa.
Second, the Qur’anic attitude (and Muhammad’s conduct) toward the non-Muslim Other is highly contextual in nature and, therefore, possibly ambivalent.[25]Also, during much of the Muslim community’s “formative period” in Medina, a climate of friction and hostility between the Muslims, on the one hand, and the mushrikun, large Jewish tribes, Christians,[26] and hypocrites (munafiqun), [27] on the other, prevailed, under which Muslims were constantly concerned about the survival of their community, which often took a reactionary, antagonistic stance vis-à-vis the religious Other. Watt describes the circumstances and motives behind the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims, especially between the Prophet of Islam and the Medinan Jews:

In Muhammad’s first two years at Medina the Jews were the most dangerous critics of his claim to be a prophet, and the religious fervour of his followers, on which so much depended, was liable to be greatly reduced unless Jewish criticisms could be silenced or rendered impotent . . . . In so far as the Jews changed their attitude and ceased to be actively hostile, they were unmolested. . . .[28]

This is attested to by the Qur’an itself. The context-dependency of the scriptures toward the view of the (religious) Other (and, by implication, the religious Self) lead Waardenburg to assert that “Looking back at the interaction of the new Islamic religious movement with the existing religious communities, we are struck by the importance of socio-political factors.”[29] 
Besides the sociopolitical factors, religious ideas were also significant, since the Qur’anic progressive consolidation of Islamic religious identity is inextricably linked with the religious identity of the Other, notably of Jews and Christians.[30] The aspects of religious identity’s continuity and commonality with other faiths [31] in the Qur’an are intertwined with those of the emergence of, and the emphasis on, the Muslim identity’s originality and distinctiveness.”[32] Thus, the religious aspects of, and interactions between, various religious communities in the Qur’anic milieu led to the genesis of the construction of religious identity of Muslims and played a very important role in its construction.[33] 
In his study of the extent of the Prophet Muhammad’s and the Qur’an’s emphasis on confessional distinctiveness, Donner has demonstrated that, in the Islamic scripture and in early Islam, “ the community of Believers was originally conceptualized independently of confessional identities,” and that 

It was only late—apparently during the third quarter of the first century A.H., a full generation of or more after the founding of Muhammad’s community—that membership in the community of Believers came to be seen as confessional identity in itself- [check punctuation mark here; hyphen, dash, comma?] when, to use a somewhat later formulation of religious terminology, being a Believer and Muslim meant that one could not also be a Christian, say, or a Jew.[34]

Donner adduces a substantial amount of evidence to support the argument that. Qur’anically, (some) Jews and Christians would qualify as mu’minun (believers) besides the muslimun (those who submit to God).[35]
Another significant trend in the “historicity” of the development of the Muslim religious Self was the gradual but ever-growing religious self-consciousness of the Prophet of Islam and his early community. Whilst attempts to find common ground and syncretism featured more frequently during the earlier periods of Muhammad’s life,[36]later periods stressed “features constituting specific identity and what distinguished one [i.e. Muslims] fundamentally from others.”[37] Miraly asserts that “Whereas pluralism was an essential foundation of Islam, exclusivism was a later addition. In the centuries following the Revelation, the original pluralist impulse that prompted the Constitution of Medina was usurped by politically motivated factions who propounded exclusivist interpretations of the Qur’an in order to justify warfare and territorial expansion.”[38] Similarly, writing about the context of the early Muslim view of the Byzantines in the days of Prophet Muhammad,Shboul echoes this observation by saying that the attitudes of the Muslims developed from sympathy and affinity, reflected in the early Qur’anic verses, to awe and apprehension of Byzantium’s military power, scorn of Byzantine wealth and luxury, and, finally, anticipation of open antagonism and prolonged warfare.[39]
Jews and Christians were eventually recognized by Islam as recipients of previous revelations (Ahl-Kitab) and were awarded by it the status of protected/secured minorities (dhimmis).

Another point to be considered in relation to the question under examination is the Qur’anic concept of a hanif/millat Ibrahim.[40] Qur’anically, this notion may be called the primordial, monotheistic Urreligion based on the belief in the One, True God as embodied in Abraham’s message (Arabic millat Ibrahim) considered as the universal belief system and as potentially the final evolution in Muhammad’s attitude towards the religious Self and the Other.][41]It is, however, unclear, whether the Prophet of Islam himself identified “historical Islam” “as the only or merely one possible realisation of the primordial religion, the Hanifiyyah, on earth.”[42]
Lastly, an “Islamocentric view” of Muslim perceptions of the religious Other stems from a certain interpretation of the Qur’ano-Sunnatic teachings. This view is based upon the premise that the Qur’an is a source of empirical knowledge of the religious Other that is to be applied universally, ahistorically and without regard to context.[43]
(end of second reproduced section)

It is important to keep in mind that this apologetic approach is not restricted to issues of inter-faithonly but is particularly evident in relation to the question of the role and the status of women in Islam.
Namely, based on this very apologetic approach that champions the rights pre-modern ‘Islam’ (it is worthwhile pointing in this respect that early as well as pre-modern Muslim scholarship, unlike the bulk of contemporary Islamic thought did not frame the issues within the framework of whether s.th. is “Islamic’ or not but to what extent and on what methodology could one argue that s.th. is Qur’anic and the Sunnaic -and later referred it to the opinions of early Muslim authorities such as the eponyms of the various madhahib) ‘gave’ to women 1400 years ago, Muslim women are denied a number of political ( eg. Voting, being elected to highest political office, being a judge ) , legal ( eg. Custody over children, unfair –to the detriment of the female- divorce and marriage laws) as well as the basic freedom such as freedom of movement ( e.g. husband can prevent his wife from even visiting her parents or attending their funeral prayer!). Now there is no doubt that the laws the Qur’an and Sunnah ,and to some extent that of the pre-modern Islamic jurisprudence ushered were ‘progressive’ given the historical era and the historical background within which they operated, these rights ‘islam’ gave to women , were not seen as embedded in and inextricably linked to the moral universe and ‘logic’ of what I refer to as extreme gender role differentiation in a pre-modern androcentric and patriarchal society. This ‘logic’ of extreme gender role differentiation permanently fixes and universalises the socio-culturally, legally and politically contingent conceptions of gender and gender difference clearly evident in pre-modern Islamic jurisprudence and their attendant socio-cultural and legal implications. According to one aspect of this ‘logic’ women have certain ‘character traits’ and ‘emotional predispositions’ which are used to curtail their above mentioned rights.

If we as Muslims ( people of other religious traditions are also not immune to this) wish to engage in inter-faith dialogue in an authentic way rather then in an apologetic manner , we have a moral responsibility to deal with all of the aspects of our inherited tradition ,the good ,the bad and the ugly if we are to enhance and appreciate our understanding of our own tradition as well as that of the other. Only and only in this way are we going to be meaningfully engaged and ready to be transformed through and by the Other for the better.



________________________________________
[1] See for example, K.Armstrong,Islam: A Short History.New York,Modern library,2002.Also Her , Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam.London,Victor Gollancz,1991.;or Watt, Muhammad in Madina,op.cit.
[2] Miraly, Ethic of Pluralism,p.47.
[3] Verily, this brotherhood of yours is a single brotherhood, and I am your Lord and Cherisher: therefore serve Me (and no other).(21:92)
[4] Miraly,Ethic of Pluralism,p.59.
[5] Armstrong,Muhammad,pp.183-184.
[6] Miraly, Ethic of Pluralism,p.62.
[7] Armstrong,Muhammad,p.207.
[8] see footnote 15.
[9] Esack,Qur’an,Liberation and pluralism, p.163.
[10] Miraly,The Ethic of Pluralism,p.39.
[11] ‘Alim for Windows , M. Bukhari, Sahih, volume 7, no.786.
[12] Ibid. Abu Dawud, cf. Muslim-Sahih, 5389- Narrated Abu Hurraira -Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said: Do not greet the Jews and the Christians before they greet you and when you meet any one of them on the roads force him to go to the narrowest part of it.

[13] There are several more hadith of this genre for example found in Abu Dawood, hadith number 652 and 4185.
[14] Such as religiously inclusivist Qur
[15] Miraly,The Ethic of Pluralism,p.35.
[16] In this part of the analysis we have not included verses (such as 4:76, 9:5;9:73, 47:4 ,48:29) which address the kafirun not ahl-Kitab, however, as we shall see, in several instances ahl-Kitab are also linked to the root of K-F-R and according to the methodology of NTS could be and are bring applied to Ahl-Kitab including those of today. 
[17] cf. Bukhari, 4.791, same narrator - heard Allah's Apostle saying, "The Jews will fight with you, and you will be given victory over them so that a stone will say, 'O Muslim! There is a Jew behind me; kill him!' “; cf. Muslim, Sahih, 6985 –Narrated Abu Hurraira -Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) said: The Last Hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews.

[18] For an interpretation of these and similar hadith from a PM perspective see A.Noth, ‘Problems of Differentiation between Muslim and Non-Muslims :Re-reading the “Ordinances of Umar” ( Al-Shurut Al’Umariyya), in R. Hoyland (ed.) Muslims and Others in Early Islamic Society, Ashgate Variorum,2004,pp.103-125.
[19] Using our terminology NTS, for definition of puritans, see El- Fadl, The Great Theft- Wrestling Islam from the Extremists, Harper Collins, 2005, pp.16-25. 
[20] El-Fadl, The Great Theft, p.206.
[21] N.Albani, ‘Responding to Salaams of the Jews and the Christians’, at www.bakkah.net, accessed on 15th of October,2007.
[22]For more on this in relation to the concept of “the ethic of pluralism” in the Qur’an see Miraly.
[23]Explained later in this section.
[24]I.e., the mushrikun (“polytheists”), the munafiqun (“hypocrites”), and Ahl-Kitab (“the People of the Book”—primarily, Jews and Christians). For a lucid discussion of this issue, see Donner; also, Maghen. Donner writes (267-268): “Islam’s relationship with the People of the Book has had its ups and downs. The growing familiarity of the inhabitants of the Arabian Penninsula with the ideas, institutions and the communities of the surrounding monotheisms followed by the initial and increasingly intense encounters of the nascent Muslim umma with the same, bred the complex mixture of attitudes to Judaism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism discernable through the classical literature of the faith. The seminal texts and genres—the Qur’an, Hadith, Tafsir, Sharh and fiqh—evince a multifaceted and pendulating posture vis-à-vis the religio-cultural “other” that partakes more of dialectic than dogma.” 
[25]Ambivalence and contextuality are also found in non-Qur’anic elements of the tradition as embodied in various Hadith corpora. On Qur’anic ambivalence in relation to the “Other,” see Maghen, 268.
[26]The Christians had a much smaller numerical presence in Medina. Furthermore, they had much less economic influence. Thus, the Qur’an’s “complaints” about Christians pertain primarily to the domain of dogma. For details, see McAuliffe.
[27]A group of people in Medina who only superficially became Muslims in order to procure certain benefits, but, in reality, supported the enemies of Muslims.
[28]Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 217.
[29]Waardenburg, Muslims and Others, 99.; cf. Waardenburg, “World Religions as Seen in the light of Islam,” 245-276.
[30]Zebiri, chapter 1. Also, Donner, “From Believers to Muslims.”
[31]Such as belief in Allah (One, True God), the previous prophets, the Hereafter, the Day of Judgment.
[32]The latter trend being more prominent in the context of Medinan Muslim community.
[33]Zebiri, chapter 1.
[34]Donner, “From Believers to Muslims,” 12; cf.Maghen, 268-269.
[35]Donner, “From Believers to Muslims,” 17-24, 28-34; cf. Miraly. 
[36]Such as the importance of Jerusalem and the Muslim practice of turning to it in prayer.
[37]Waardenburg, Muslims and Others, 44. A case in point is that of the change of direction in prayer from Jerusalem to Mecca. Traditions reportedly going back to the Prophet, such as those found in Sahih Bukhari, stress largely the distinctiveness and uniqueness of the Islamic religious identity. 
[38]Miraly, 33.
[39]Shboul, 242.
[40]For more details, see Beck. 
[41]Waardenburg, Muslims and Others, 87-94. 
[42]Ibid., 106-107; also, Qur’anic verses, such as 5:48, seem to present the existence of religious plurality as a manifestation of God’s Will.
[43]In other words, Qur’anic criticisms of certain practices of Jewish and Christian communities living in 7th-century Hijaz apply to all previous and subsequent Jewish and Christian communities in an ahistorical, uncontextualized manner.


 
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